Chen Duxiu

Chen Duxiu , born in 1879 with Huaining, Province of the Anhui and deceased in 1942, is a man Politique Chinese of Marxist orientation .

Biography

After the death of his father, soldier in Mandchourie, shortly after his birth, it is with the turn of his grandfather to undertake his education to direct it towards a traditional career of civil servant. Chen Duxiu on the other hand, chooses a modern formation and goes to Hangzhou to follow there courses to a school of naval construction, which are exempted in French language. At that time, it also starts to be dedicated to activities on the political arena and, following its critic of the government, is seen forced to flee with the Japan. Of return in China in 1903, it accepts a post of teacher higher than the university of Anhui with Wuhu. Little time later its way again directs it to the Japan, then of 1907 with 1910 finally in France, in order to carry out studies there. Impregnated by the impressions of its stay abroad, Chen Duxiu is devoted completely to the policy, as from this moment and, for this purpose, founds a magazine of political orientation and arts person under the name of Nouvelle Youth in 1915, which traditionally supports a rejection of the system of values confucéennes, in favor of a new orientation towards those of the equality and the Human rights, as well as a supposed Nationalisme to be used for these ends, promoted by the Occident, and which is accommodated with enthusiasm in the circle of the young intellectuals. Again in charge of teaching to the superior in 1917, this time at the University of Beijing, it is possible for him to continue its activities in a new form. Under the influence of the Revolution in Russia, in which it perceives currents comparable with those of the modern society in China, and studies the Marxist theories intensely.

For its role dominating within the framework of the Movement of May 4th in 1919, it is held for little time. At its coming out of prison, it is committed initially within a communist group taking part in the foundation of the Communist party of China in 1921 and becoming the general secretary. Whereas the foundation of the party is based on the support of the Komintern, this one also comes into contact with the nationalist party, the Kuomintang, in such way that in 1923, according to the instructions of the Komintern, the two parties form a Front unified. With the death of Lénine in 1924 and of Sun Yat-SEN in 1925, the policy in the two countries is dominated by the quarrels concerning their succession. In Soviet Union Stalin represents a supposed policy to support a revolution, reaching all the classes, under the order of Kuomintang, Trotski, its main competitor, on the contrary, is centered on the revolutionary forces of the Chinese Communist party. Within this framework, the policy of Chen Duxiu, which is centered on the maintenance of a position outdistanced towards the Comintern, is attacked and in 1927 it is obliged to give up the direction of the party; two years later it is excluded from the party and 1932 with 1937 held by the national government. In 1942, finally, it dies in the surroundings of Chongqing.

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