Chemin de iron of the Chinese East

The railroad of the Chinese East ( Russian Китайско-Восточнаяжелезнаядорога in , К.В.Ж.Д. in its shortened form) was a section railway of the Transsibérien of 2536 Kilomètre S crossing the Mandchourie and managed by the Russian company éponyme. The line was brought into service in 1903 and connected the Russian cities of Tchita and Grodekovo (today Pogranitchnaïa). It served several Manchu cities of which Kharbine where the administrative center of the company was installed. Construction in 1903 in the the Russian Far East of the section Grodekovo- Ussuriysk finalized the Trans-Siberian known layout and made it possible for the first time to connect Vladivostok to the remainder of Russia via Mandchourie. The southern part of the railroad, known under the name of Railroad south-mandchourien, became a stake and a place of argument between the powers, in particular at the time of the wars Sino-Japanese Russo-Japanese woman of 1905 and of 1937 to 1945.

The project (1892 - 1897)

Construction of the line (1897 - 1903)

Startup and exploitation (1903 - 1917)

Russian civil war (1917-1922)

In November 1917, is less than one month after the taken of being able Bolshevik, the Sovnarkom dislocates the general Khorvat of its functions and transmits the direction of the railroad to the Soviet of Kharbine. The whole of the line passes then officially under control Bolshevik. In December, with the assistance of white guards and Chinese troops, the Khorvat general reverses the Soviet of Kharbine and takes again the control of the railroad. It founds in Kharbine a Russian provisional government and transforms the seat of the company into bastion of resistance anti-Bolshevik. At the end of December, several stations located at the west of the line and being under control Bolshevik are attacked. The ataman Semenov seizes the station of Mandchouli, disarms the red garrison and returns it to followed Russia, in a livestock wagon, by the members of the local Soviet. Semenov and Ungern-Sternberg are established in Mandchourie Western along the railroad where they organize a small army. At the other end of the line, the ataman Kalmikov is established with cossacks with Pogranitchnaïa.

In March 1918, the prince Koudatchev and the shareholders of the railroad ask the admiral Koltchak to join the directing office of the company. Koltchak, which wished to join the Western face and to fight at the sides of the Allies, accepts with back-plate the proposal on insistence of the War Office. Mid-April 1918, Koltchak meets prince Koudatchev with Beijing and accepts the station of " member militaire" with the board of directors of the railroad. A few days later, the general Khorvat, the Poutilov industrialist and several representatives of the Russo-Asian Banque, which held the main part of the actions of the company, arrive at Beijing. Together, they agree on the reorganization of the company and the return to the order in the area of the railroad. The nomination of Koltchak at the post of commander-in-chief of the Russian forces in the area of the railroad is officialized on April 26th, 1918.

Soviet administration (1922 - 1950)

References

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