Chełmno (city)

See also: Chełmno

Chełmno (in German Kulm or Culm ) is a Ville of Poland which counts 21.106 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of the historical area called Région of Chełmno (in Polish Ziemia Chełmińska ).

Geographical location

The town of Chełmno is in the north of Poland (Voïvodie de Cujavie-Poméranie). It is located in the valley of the the Vistula, on the road connecting Łódź to Gdańsk, to 50 km approximately of Bydgoszcz and Toruń. Chełmno is the Chef-lieu of a district ( powiat ).

History

The first written mention of Chełmno goes back to 1065, in a document allotted to Boleslas Ier Valiant the. At the time, Chełmno is already a Fortified town. In 1226, the duke Conrad Ier de Mazovie invites the Chevaliers Teutoniques in the area of Chełmno. Those settle in the city in 1228. Chełmno will be used to them as seat until in 1250. In 1232, they build a Château there. Chełmno receives the urban rights the December 28th 1233. These rights will be used as model to approximately 200 other Polish cities. The city belongs to the Hanse, which contributes to its development before it is supplanted by Toruń. Chełmno and its area also form part of the teutonic State until in 1466, date on which finishes the Guerre Thirteen Year old.

Following the Treated of Thorn, Chełmno reinstates Poland and becomes the capital of a Voïvodie. A subsidiary company of the Université of Cracow is created there in 1473. The city continues to develop, attracting migrants Scottish and Dutch. Starting from the beginning of the 18th century an important decline of the city starts. After the First division of Poland in 1772, the city is annexed by the Prussia. In 1807, the city is found in the Duché of Warsaw, then is taken again by Prussia in 1815. It is in Chełmno that the surgeon Ludwik Rydygier carries out the first operation of the Estomac (1881).

In 1920, Chełmno integrates Poland ressuscitée after being released by the Polish army of the Général Józef Haller. During the Second world war, approximately 5.000 inhabitants of the city and its suburbs are killed. The city is released by the Red Army the January 27th 1945.

Economy

Chełmno counts approximately 1.500 Entreprise S. the most developed sectors are the trade, the services and industries related to furnishing.

More the large companies located in Chełmno are:

  • FAM SA (production of pieces of furniture and equipment for the residences)
  • Ursus (mechanical manufacture)
  • Helvetia Furniture (productions of living rooms)

Monuments

Chełmno succeeded with preserving its medieval center well, with its urban plan dating from the 13th century.

  • Gothic churches :

    • holy church Marie (built 1280 with 1320)
    • church Jacques saint, old church of the Franciscains (founded at the 14th century, rebuilt with the XVIII {{E}} and XIX {{E}} centuries)
    • church Pierre saints and Paul, old church of the Dominican (founded at the 13th century, rebuilt with the XVIII {{E}} and XIX {{E}} centuries)
    • church saint Jean Chrzciciel and holy Jean the Evangelist, old church of the Bénédictines and Cisterciens , and its Monastery (1290 - 1330)
    • church of the Holy Spirit (1280 - 1290)
  • town hall of the 13th century, rebuilt in a style mannerist of 1567 with 1572
  • vestiges of the old ramparts, with an old tower of guet and a door

External bond

  • Official site of the city
  • Site of Chełmno

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