Charlie Hebdo

See also: Charlie

Charlie Hebdo is a Hebdomadaire polemic and satirical French. Largely illustrated, it is made multiple chronicles with the editorial contents independent and practical from time to time journalism of investigation by publishing reports abroad or on fields like the Secte S, the Islamisme, the Politique, the Culture, etc

History

Before Charlie Hebdo

The history of Charlie Hebdo starts with Hara-Kiri .
In 1960, Georges Bernier, alias Professor Choron, and François Cavanna launch a monthly magazine Hara-Kiri , “newspaper stupid and malicious”. Choron is the publication director. Cavanna, editor association, gradually gather a team which includes/understands Topor, Fred, Reiser, Wolinski, Gébé, Cabu. Interdict of publication as of 1961, it reappears to be again prohibited in 1966. Prohibition is raised six months later. When it reappears, certain collaborators do not return such Gébé, Cabu, Topor, Fred. The new ones are noticed: Delfeil de Ton, Baker and Willem.

1969-1981

In 1969, It is this team, gathered by Cavanna which, while continuing monthly magazine decides to make a weekly magazine. Gébé and Cabu returns. In February 1969, Hara-kiri-hebdo is launched, it will name then the hebdo hara-kiri in May 1969.

In November 1970, the Général de Gaulle dies, and ten days before a fire in a discotheque had made 146 died. The hebdo title in cover, in a sober way, without any drawing, “tragic ball with Colombey - a death”. the hebdo hara-kiri is interdict to appear by the Minister of Interior Department, Raymond Marcellin. Despizing prohibition, the team decides that the newspaper must continue to appear and finds the parade by changing her title: It becomes Charlie Hebdo . This new title comes from the monthly magazine Charlie Mensuel , that Bernier and Delfeil de Ton had launched in 1968.
Charlie owed its name with the Peanuts: Delfeil de Ton was editor association during one year of this " Charlie Mensuel" and there publishes, thus introducing them in France, Peanuts of Charles Mr. Schulz. Charlie was initially the French version of Italian monthly magazine Linus (of the name of a character of Peanuts), which published traditional American series and contemporary data bases. It is in reference to Charlie Brown, hero of the Peanuts , that the French monthly magazine “full with humor and comic strip” was named Charlie. The majority of the Anglo-Saxon series were translated by Cavanna starting from the Italian translations of Linus.

Charlie Hebdo , as for him, will continue to appear under this title and one of its initial names Hara-kiri hebdo or will not take again the hebdo Hara-kiri .

The publication director is Georges Bernier. Editor association is Cavanna. At the time of the last years of publication it is “all the team” which ensures the drafting as a chief and Cavanna is named “guardian angel”.

In December 1981, for lack of regular readers of sufficient number, the publication stops. This newspaper did not have - and did not want - advertizing revenues, but especially not enough of subscribers. Before disappearing, it launches a last gag, the daily newspaper Charlie Matin … which will appear only three days of continuation.

From 1992 to our days

The birth certificate of new Charlie Hebdo corresponds to the resignation of Philippe Val and Cabu of the Gross Bertha following a disagreement with the publication director Jean-Cyrille Godefroy and to their desire to have their own weekly magazine. During a meeting-meal, in the search of a title, Wolinski launched “and why not Charlie Hebdo , the title is free! ” The proposal was immediately accepted.

Philippe Val, Gébé, Cabu and Renaud brought the capital to finance the 1st number. A joint stock company was created. They hold approximately 80% of them what returns them almost owners of the newspaper and ensures their independence.

Thus Charlie Hebdo new grinding was born in July 1992. It profited for its launching from prestigious notoriety from the historical Charlie Hebdo , more especially as one found there the signatures high-speed motorboats of the the Seventies: Cavanna, Delfeil de Ton, Siné, Gébé, Willem, Wolinski, Cabu and an identical model. Are also present Charb, Uncle Bernard, Renaud, Luz and Tignous. It was presented and accommodated not like a new weekly magazine but like the continuation, the republication of old. It is said that the first number was sold with 100.000 specimens. Colossal success. On the page of one, the legend titrates " URBA, Unemployment, Hemophiliacs, Super-Phenix " , one sees in lower part François Mitterrand saying " And Charlie Hebdo which returns! "

Professor Choron, with which one had not proposed of station that he considered to be acceptable, for its part tried to start again a weekly Hara-Kiri simultaneously, where also Vuillemin worked, but its publication was short. Thereafter, it will launch Mouise , sold by SDF and ensuring to them some incomes (initiative greeted besides by Cavanna).

In this new Charlie Hebdo , Philippe Val, Gébé and Cabu hold all the responsibilities. Philippe Val is director of drafting, artistic responsible Gébé.

Under the direction of Philippe Val, the newspaper carries out engagements pointing out the line protestor of extreme left. In that, it is different from old the Charlie Hebdo without real line nor particular political affiliation, which the individual talent recognized of his/her collaborators, writers and draftsmen - corrosive humor, effective dispute - and the stability of the team still reinforced.

The Charlie Hebdo current asserts neither this continuity nor this stability. Several collaborators leave the newspaper. The methods of the new director of drafting of the newspaper are disputed with the center even drafting, settings at the day sometimes by several cases of opposition or resignation (Philippe Corcuff, Olivier Cyran, Lefred-Thouron…), even of dismissals (for example the current collaborator of the Diplomatic World Mona Chollet) at the end of the years 1990 and to the beginning of the year 2000.

A broad diversity of opinions is expressed there however showing that does not exist there leading line loan-with-to think . Like Hara Kiri (disappeared today), Charlie Hebdo is associated with a freedom of your rare, and this in its center even, Charb not depriving for example of éreinter the smoker Siné, and the latter incentive to vote " non" with the TCE whereas Philippe Val strongly militates for the " oui".

The newspaper is published every Wednesday and also publishes a certain number of out of the ordinary at variable frequency.

2002

In November 2002, the chronicler philosophizes Robert Misrahi publishes a platform on the work of Oriana Fallaci the rage and pride entitled “intellectual Courage” in which it makes a praise of the work.

He writes in particular: “Oriana Fallaci shows intellectual courage. She does not protest only against Islamism assassin. She also protests against the denial which has course in the European opinion, that she is Italian or French for example. One does not want to see nor condemning the fact clearly that it is the Islam which leaves in crusade against the Occident and not the reverse. ”

This article creates a polemic near several associations which estimate that the work contains racist remarks and the support of Misrahi for the author Italian is highly criticized in publications like Acrimed.

The week following the publication of the article, several letters of shocked readers are published in Charlie Hebdo and a response of the weekly magazine to these mails repudiates the chronicler.

After the attacks of September 11th, 2001, Charlie Hebdo is distinguished, by disuniting currents of extreme left, which, by anti-Americanism will pass from alliances. These positions will be worth to him conflict relationships to this left third-mondiste, when he denounces, in particular the presence of Tariq Ramadan with FSE in 2003. Cf its édito in Charlie Hebdo of November 15th, 2003; he denounces a “rhetoric immutably similar to that which innerva Europe of pre-war period” and which, “has what to alarm all those which know how peace and the democracy die”. He affirms that Tariq Ramadan “is a propagandist anti-semite”.

Philippe Val, in this édito, critical part of the left to which it lends positions anti-semites in the name of the antiracism, referring in particular to the Conférence of Durban in 2001 during which the Zionism was compared to a racist policy.

2004

Death of Gébé.
Philippe Val always editor association, succeeds to him as director of the publication.
The sale is of approximately 60  000 specimens.

In December 2004, the sociologist Philippe Corcuff, chronicler since April 2001, leaves Charlie Hebdo following leading dissensions with the direction and in particular with Philippe Val.

2006

Business of the caricatures of Mahomet
While regular pulling is of 140.000 specimens, on February 8th 2006 160.000 are published and all sold. The newspaper then carries out two reprintings and 400.000 specimens run out.

This week, Charlie Hebdo publishes the series of Caricatures of Mahomet of the newspaper Jyllands-Posten. The previous week, the Scandinavian drawings had started protests in Moslem countries after Danish Imams had made countryside against them in the Muslim world. Some see in this step, an attempt to increase the self-censorship practiced by European countries in connection with the Islam.

French Muslim organizations like the the French Council of the Muslim cult, asked for the prohibition of the number, which also contains caricatures of Mahomet drawn by the regular collaborators of the newspaper. This request did not lead because of a defect of procedure. The president of the Republic, Jacques Chirac will condemn these “manifest provocations thereafter”.

The business of the caricatures brings the publication of the Manifeste of the twelve on March 1st, 2006.

March 15th, 2006, the ministry for the Culture organizes one evening in the honor of the tuck pattern to greet the draftsmen and caricaturists after the business in question. Youngest Plantu, Cabu, Wolinski and Sattouf, Jul, Charb and Luz, all the draftsmen of Charlie are particularly greeted. A homage was addressed to the caricaturists, occasion, one month after the polemic caused by the publication of the caricatures of Mahomet, to hear the principal private secretary of the minister, Henri Paul, to reaffirm their statute of “actors of freedom”, and to learn creation from a “mission for the conservation and the valorization of the tuck pattern”, sponsored by Wolinski. The association of the friends of Honore Daumier, had inspired the event. (Cf the Point of the 3/23/2006)

Libération publishes reflections of several draftsmen of the newspaper, in reaction to this business:

  • Charb:
“I saw the drawings, it is enormously of noise for step large-thing. In France, I speak for Charlie , one published representations of the prophet which were much more shocking that what was published in Denmark. Once, a very minority and rather discrete Muslim association brought a lawsuit with Charlie because a drawing had put in scene the prophet. They went in justice, they lost. With Charlie , before one is annoyed by the integrist Moslems, one dealt with the extreme catholic right-hand side. That finished normally in front of the courts, they lost and here. They attack to test by hoping to gain and that the legislation changes. The Jews, one must note that they do not make us shit. In Charlie , one treats especially Catholic church because it is still very majority”.
  • Luz:
“As an atheist, it is obvious since one is in a catholic country which one will rather attack the catholics that with the Moslems, and rather with the clergy, which is the true representative of this alienation, which with God. Afterwards, all depends on the media which carry the message. When it is Charlie Hebdo , criticism does not relate on the Moslems but to alienation in the faith”.
  • Jul:
“It is much easier to make drawings violent one on the Christians than on the other religions. Undoubtedly because one is in a catholic country. One cannot type on a minority religion like one types on a majority religion. If the hysteria caused by these drawings is also strong, it is also because there are a racism antiarabe and antimusulman in Europe. But I find completely abnormal that this business was not simply regulated in front of the courts”.

Other intellectuals like the philosopher Michel Smadja in the same newspaper, which rents the work of Charlie Hebdo , writes on this subject: “how is it made that Charlie Hebdo and his/her collaborators (whose Caroline Fourest) seems a fish pond of intelligence of the world and honesty much more credible than certain units of CNRS? Perhaps because, in the drafting of this satirical newspaper, one preserved the idea that to be of left is not a simple social posture, but rather, before very standpoint, the requirement of clearness”.

2007

Charlie Hebdo was continued by the Mosquée of Paris, UOIF and the world Islamic Ligue for the publication of two of the Caricatures of Mahomet of the newspaper Jyllands-Posten as well as the one drawn by Cabu representing “Mahomet overflowed by integrist” the informant that “it is hard to be liked by idiots” (Le Monde of the 2/8/07). The lawsuit of Charlie Hebdo opened with the Court of Bankruptcy of Paris from February 7th to 8th. The public prosecutor claimed the release confirmed by the verdict of March 22nd. Joann Sfar published a report of the lawsuit in one of its notebooks. The CFCM was declared nevertheless satisfied with the for its part awaited S of the judgment.

Positioning

Charlie Hebdo Publication Satirical of Libertarian tradition , with the caustic and disrespectful spirit, inherited Hara-kiri , kept a marked reputation with left. If it fustigates always also readily the ideas and politicians of right-hand side, it is hardly obliging with the left parties, that they are of government or not. It is a newspaper before any republican, attache with the defense of individual freedoms and collective, which practices freedom of expression until in its own center: it is not rare that the various chroniclers are in more or less major disagreement, for example at the time of the Référendum on the European Constitution. Its director of drafting is, in 2007, Philippe Val and its editor association is Gerard Biard.

Teams

Draftsmen

current

old

(the newspaper in August 1996 left when its drawing on the legal problems of Patrick Font was refused by Philippe Val) (the newspaper in 2005 left)

Writers

current

old

(the newspaper following deep dissensions with Philippe Val left which it reproaches his “Stalinism in reports/ratios the other” .)

Polemic

Professor Choron

Georges Bernier (professor Choron, according to the street name of the ninth district of Paris where the seat of Charlie was installed) was for historical reasons owner of the title Hara-Kiri and other titles of the editions of the Public garden. The title Charlie Hebdo was never deposited legally. It is him which had been director of all the hara-kirienne publications editions of the Public garden and financial management ensured some. According to Cavanna, without him, Hara-Kiri could never have existed, not more than the publications which emanated from it, of which Hara-Kiri hebdo named Charlie Hebdo for only reason of prohibition of the first. If it agreed to take all the financial risks (many lawsuits and bad sales for certain titles), it was from its personality even a very bad manager.

One did not propose a post office to him with the height of his ambitions in new the Charlie Hebdo of 1992.
Its immediate reaction was of:

  • To launch its own satiric weekly named Hara-kiri , which had little success and ends up disappearing
  • Intenter a lawsuit with Charlie Hebdo while leaving the provision of the title to the new team for six months.
For strictly legal reasons, the members of the historical team did not put forward their right to be the holders of the title together. It was pled there the royalty. Georges Bernier lost his lawsuit. By decision of the 3rd room of the Court of Bankruptcy of Paris, the January 30th 1993, Cavanna is recognized, of right, the author of the title. Thereafter, he will become also the owner of the name “Hara-kiri” which will then be reproduced every week on the cover of Charlie Hebdo .

Georges Bernier expressed in a virulent way towards Philippe Val in his monthly magazine, Zero , and launched another satirical magazine named Mouise , sold by and for SDF.

Philippe Val

The newspaper knows polemics compared to its leading line and its inner working:

  • Some reproach the Chansonnier become Press baron Philippe Val to be too authoritative, to manage the newspaper with a too capitalist policy and, inter alia things, to be themselves separate journalists whom it did not like and to have supported the military intervention with the Kosovo in 1999.

  • Philippe Val, founding member of Attac, was striped list of the founding members of Attac, with his request. It is however that it had never paid its contribution. The newspaper PLPL is critical towards Philippe Val, which poses some problems to him. Philippe Val is indeed closer to the parliamentary left than of the extreme-left. Its position is quite far away from the eternally ambiguous positions of Choron. One also reproaches him his frequent stigmatization of the Altermondialisme.

  • Certain former collaborators of Charlie Hebdo as Olivier Cyran still took part and takes part in the newspaper CQFD . Libération described CQFD like the newspaper of disappointed Charlie Hebdo , which contradicted. However, Charlie Hebdo is not a vault, Wolinski remained member about it even when he worked of face with Humanity (its collaboration with Paris-Match was disputed almost as much besides). In the same way, Charb regularly publishes in Humanity and Icy Fluide , and Cabu in the Canard Enchaîné .

  • Although independent of any form of publicity, Charlie Hebdo concluded all the same an agreement with the newspaper Libération and posts each week in its pages a Publicité (only) presenting the One of this newspaper.

  • Some reproach Charlie Hebdo a loss of memory of its last history: Choron and other historical writers would tend to be forgotten there (one can however remind the article moving by Cavanna died of Choron).

  • Philippe Val is particularly virulent towards Internet and refuses that Charlie Hebdo of serf to communicate, by the means of a Web site for example. It made close the site of a private individual who made a weekly summary of the editions of Charlie Hebdo . On the other hand, the fact that it systematically any more does not put its email in signature as it made it a few years ago can be seen like a measurement of protection of its peace : to undoubtedly avoid the easy spams and insults.

  • At the time of the Referendum on Europe in May 2005, Philippe Val invited to vote yes through its leading articles. Siné, Cavanna and Charb, in their columns, gave an opinion for not.

See too

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