Charles Pierre François Augereau
Charles Pierre François Augereau , 1757 with Paris - June 12th 1816 with the Houssaye-in-Brie, Marshal of Empire, duke of Castiglione.
Youth
Resulting from a modest family, her father is domestic and his/her mother, commercial of fruits in the Saint-Marceau suburb, is without education
The exile
It engages with old seventeen years in the armies of the King, with the Régiment of Burgundy-Cavalry then in that of the Carabinier S, which it leaves following some fredaines: Having fired the sword against an officer who insulted it, he flees the France, passes to Naples, where he saw until in 1787, as fencing master. He travels in Greece.Single case among the marshals of Napoleon, Augereau is useful in the Prussian army where it fights against the Ottoman Empire and the Austria. Become sergeant, it deserted and succeeds in joining the borders of the Saxony, involving its group with him. During the years 1788 - 1791, one finds it with the service of the army of Naples then to the Portugal. The events of the French revolution make it return to France towards the end of 1792.
Soldier of the Revolution
Savage Jacobin, it engages in the National guard and becomes Sergent.Named Captain then Lieutenant-colonel, it takes part in the repression of the revolt of the Chouan S in Brittany then joined the Armée with the Pyrenees where it is quickly promoted Major general the December 23rd 1793. Its division is distinguished even more when it is transferred to the Armée with Italy in 1795 where it takes part in the Bataille of Loano.
Countryside of Italy
In 1796, under the orders of Bonaparte, it is illustrated with the Bataille of Montenotte and the Bataille of Millesimo then at the time of the catch of the castle of Cosseria, the April 14th.During the Battle of the bridge of Lodi, the May 10th 1796, the turning movement of its troops contributes to the victory. But it is with Castiglione, the August 5th 1796, which it makes brightest the service by reversing the fate of the battle. It is also present, the November 15th, with Arcole, where it springs on the bridge with the head of its troops.
Bonaparte appreciates Augereau at the point to indicate it to bring the flags taken to the enemy to the Directoire.
Moved away from the army, Augereau is devoted to all the political intrigues whose Paris is the theater. It takes part thus in the coup d'etat of the 18 fructidor (September 4th 1797) which draws aside the suspectés advisers of sympathies monarchists.
In thanks, it is named ordering Armée with Sambre-and-Meuse, then of the Armée with the Rhine. It is made elect Député of the Haute-Garonne to the Conseil of the Five hundred where it sits on the left. Jacobin, it expresses his hostility with the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire but ends however up joining in Bonaparte which entrusts to him the command of the French Army in Batavie.
The following year it is replaced by Victor, and remains without employment during long enough. It then starts again its attacks against the consular government. Its heat republican E ends up being calmed, when Napoleon i, emperor, names it Maréchal of Empire, the May 19th 1804, large officer of the Légion of honor, Duc of Castiglione and Grand-croix of the Ordre of Charles II of Spain.
Napoleonean wars
Ordering of VIIe body of the Large army the following year, it is affected in Austria and in Germany but does not take share with the Bataille of Austerlitz.
In 1806, it takes part in the Campagne of Germany, it is distinguished the October 14th 1806 with Iéna, where it beats the Saxon S and crushes the body of Rüchel come to the help from the Prussian army, then with the Bataille from Golymin. With the beginning of the year 1807, it falls ill and must be made attach on its horse at the time of the Bataille of Eylau, the February 8th 1807. Whereas it must tackle the Russian center, its army corps is lost in a snowstorm. The French soldiers are decimated by the enemy guns. Wounded to the arm, Augereau returns in France. The March 19th 1808, it receives the title of duke of Castiglione.
It is useful then in Spain where it shows cruelty at the time of the Campagne of Catalonia in 1809. Its first victories with the head of the Armée with Catalonia are soon followed defeats.
The Emperor returns Augereau in his grounds but for the countryside of Russia of 1812 recalls it where he entrusts XIe to him body of the Large army in Germany (body of reserve). The marshal is present at the time of the French defeat at Leipzig, of the 16 to the October 19th 1813. Its keen defense makes him regain the favor of Napoleon.
In 1814, during the countryside of France, Augereau orders the army corps posted to Lyon. It has the role of cutting the lines of communications of the Armée with Bohemia but compromises and refuses the combat. Its control is described as defection by its entourage.
The April 16th 1814, it launches a proclamation where it enjoint with its soldiers to adopt the white rosette of the Bourbons and denounces Napoleon like a tyrant.
Louis XVIII the Even fact of France and Knight of Saint-Louis. In the return of Napoleon, Augereau publishes (on March 22nd) a pompeux day order in its favor. But the Emperor crosses out his name of the list of the marshals, describing it as “ treacherous in France ” and leaving it without employment.
Returned on the throne, Louis XVIII also draws aside it. It withdraws in its property of the Houssaye-in-Brie. He dies shortly after and without descent, of a Hydropisie. Its body is buried with the Cimetière of the Father-Lachaise to Paris
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