Charles Otis Whitman

See also: Whitman

Charles Otis Whitman is a American zoologist , born in 1842 with Woodstock (Maine) and died in 1910.

He is professor at the imperial university of the Japan (1880 - 1881) where four of its students will become the pioneers of the zoology in this country. He continues his research with the zoological Station of Naples (1882) before becoming off assistant with the Museum Comparative Zoology in Harvard (1883 - 1885). He directs then the laboratory Allis Lake (Milwaukee) (1886 - 1889). Whitman founds there the Journal off Morphology (1887).

It settles with the Université Clark with Worcester (Massachusetts) where it teaches and directs the natural history museum of zoology of the Université of Chicago (1892 - 1910), in parallel it is the founder and the director of the Laboratoire of biology marinades (MBL) Woods Hole (Massachusetts) (1888 - 1908).

It is a pedagog who prefers to teach with small groups of students. It makes important contributions in the fields of the evolution, the Embryologie of the Ver S, the Comparative anatomy, the Hérédité and the animal Comportement. It regarded as the father of the ethology of the the United States.

Its work on the behavior of the Pigeon S is published only after its death in 1919. He studies also the behavior of the Sangsue S and the Urodèle S of the Necturus . He gives a conference on the animal behavior to Woods Hole in 1898 where he defines four points for the researchers as regards comparative study of the behavior:

  1. the nonimpromptu instincts are advanced and their genealogy can be as complex and important as the history of the organic components.
  2. the first criterion of the instinct is that it is achieved by the animal without training by the experiment, the instruction or the imitation. The first exercise of the instinct is thus most crucial.
  3. the principal guide to carry out a phyletic history of the animals must be a comparative study.
  4. the plasticity of the instinct is not the intelligence; but it is the open door on the training, the experiment and contributes to the intelligence.
This point of view which the instincts as the bodies must be studied from the phyletic point of view of descent.

List partial of the publications

  • 1910 : Methods off research in microscopical anatomy and embryology (Casino, Boston).

Note

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