Charles Dupin

Biography

Charles Dupin came from a family of three children, whose elder one, André Dupin, will be a lawyer and a politician of foreground under the Monarchie of July and the youngest child, Philippe Dupin, also lawyer and politician. They were wire of Charles-Andre Dupin (1758 - 1843), magistrate who was appointed with the Conseil of Old the under the Directoire, then with the legislative Body under the Consulat.

A brilliance geometrician and naval engineer out of par

Charles Dupin entered major to the Polytechnic school in 1801. Noticed by Monge and Carnot, he discovered as of 1802 the curves of the second degree with reciprocal hearths.

He left Polytechnic in 1803 like naval Engineer the body the marine engineering. The war between the France and the the United Kingdom after the rupture of the Paix of Amiens called it from the start with a great activity: it contributed to work of the large flotilla of the Manche, with the creation of the vast arsenal of Antwerp, where it directed 400 military workmen, to work of Genoa and those of the forts of Holland.

In same time, it continued its mathematical research, in particular in the field of the differential Géométrie, and created the theory of the curve of surfaces (Théorème of Dupin), the concepts of indicatrix and combined tangents, and applied these discoveries to the construction of the men-of-war and the design of the fortifications.

Called to Toulon to contribute to the raising of the French navy after the Battle of Trafalgar, it was sent to Corfou near the admiral Ganteaume, named ordering fleets of the the Mediterranean, on board the first squadron which left France bound for the Ionian islands. As of its arrival, he managed to repair in five days the flagship, which had lost higher masts in a violent storm, while the lower yards were broken. This celerity made it possible the French squadron to make quickly for Toulon while escaping English cruising. With its request, Dupin remained in Corfou where it took the responsability for the arsenal and remained of 1808 with 1811. It took part in the foundation of the Ionian Académie (1808) and became the secretary for the French language about it. He there made speeches noticed on the state education and the restoration of the Greek people, and caused the opening of courses public and free, professed by the members of the Academy, and took care itself of the pulpit of mechanics and physics.

He returned to France in 1811 by the Italy. On the way of the return, an epidemic fever retained it for fifteen months. It occupied its convalescence to write many reports of geometry which it dedicated to Monge and which it presented to the Institut of France.

In 1813, it establishes the maritime museum of Toulon, which was used as model at many similar institutions, and made restore the naval sculptures of Pierre Puget.

Political beginnings under the Restoration

It was in this port at the time of the First Restoration in 1814 and made appear a report in which it claimed representative institutions and spoke in praise of Lazare Carnot and of Lanjuinais. After the publication of the additional Act to the constitutions of the Empire of 1815, it took again the feather to make known its opinion on this subject then, with the news of the demolished of Waterloo, it made print the program of a Undertaking to celebrate in the honor of the French warriors died to defend the Fatherland , which it concluded by this call: “Europe looks us with concern in the medium even of our reverses; because the lion wounded in the retirement still makes fade the avid hunter. Let us raise our head in the middle of the danger; let us bandage the wound which still bleeds in our hearts, and revolons with the engagements, if it is not given to us to obtain peace with honor. ” The proclamation was signed: “CH. Dupin, captain of the marine engineering, corresponding member of the institute of France”.

When the higher authority had ordered with all the troops which were to defend Lyon to pass on left bank of the the Loire, Dupin led the body which it ordered from Vicq-on-the Combining. Devoted to its guard, Carnot, he protested against the ordinance which proscribed it, offered to defend it in front of the rooms if they would have to judge it and wrote a prejudicial defense, which remained new besides at the request of Carnot itself.

Soon invited to take the work management of the arsenal of Dunkirk, it was authorized by the government, in 1816, to make a study trip in Great Britain. He wanted to consign “the whole of the facts studied at famous people by his prosperity, in order to still call our fatherland with similar and larger prosperity. Six times I traversed British Isles, to visit the arsenals and the ports, the Fleuve S and the channels, the monuments and the factories. ” It was devoted to an in-depth survey on the large British arsenals and collected the elements of a study entitled Military force of Great Britain , whose government took shade because of the liberal opinions that the author expressed there: the work was submitted by the Minister for the Marine at the Council of Ministers and was censured. Charles Dupin having protested against this decision, it fell in disgrace during nearly four years.

The government ravisa and appointed it officer of the Légion of honor. It entered to the Academy of Science in 1818 and Louis XVIII created it baron in 1824

In 1819, Dupin accepted for mission of delivering “an public education and free for the application of sciences to the industrial arts”. It then created the first pulpit of teaching of mechanics applied to arts with the Conservatoire national of arts and trades where it was to teach mechanics until in 1854.

It went on new journeys in England, carried out research on the applications of the Statistique and published Mémoires on the navy and the Highways Departments , a historical Essai on the services and the scientific work of Gaspard Monge and a treaty of Géométrie applied to arts (1824), which, with its teaching, carried at the most point its reputation of scientist and popularizer.

A constant political activity after 1827

Elected official appointed by the 2nd electoral district of the Tarn (Castrate) the November 17th 1827, it took seat in the rows of the liberals, without never stopping his scientific activities, and made his beginnings with the platform by justifying the famous epithet of “deplorable” applied to the cabinet Villèle by the table of the scientists, the artists and the private men of letters their employment or their pensions under this ministry. He even obtained that was restored with the mathematician Legendre the pension which he had received from and which had been withdrawn to him.

After having refused the place of director of Arts and Manufactures, Dupin introduced into the parliamentary debates the use of the statistics, presenting for example to his/her colleagues an exposure of the effects of the Loterie in the various parts of France. It frequently intervened in the debates relating to the navy, with the roads and channels, in particular claiming the adoption of the technique of the Macadam, and with the Highways Departments. He clashed highly, in connection with the budget of the navy, with the rapporteur, Georges Humann, and with the minister, and became itself rapporteur of this budget in 1830. During the session of 1829, it made a speech noticed on the composition and the election of the general advices. In the debate on the budget, it was the first to be proposed, but without success, an investigation into the monopoly of the tobaccos. Partisan of the blockade of Algiers, it opina so that France took the offensive quickly.

In spring of 1830, it was with the number of the deputies who signed the Adresse of the 221 against the ministry Polignac. After the dissolution of the Room, it was violently fought by the extremists and its seat of deputy with Castres the June 23rd did not manage to reconquer. But it returned to the Room like deputy of Xe district of Paris as of the July 12th. It belonged to the commission of twelve deputies which, at the evening of the July 30th, went near the duke of Orleans to the Château of Neuilly in order to notify the deliberation to him calling it with the general lieutenancy of the kingdom.

In 1830, it married Rosalie Anne Joubert.

Under the monarchy of July

Under the Monarchy of July, Charles Dupin sat with the third party, whose his/her older brother was the principal figure. He did not cease taking the most active share with work of the House of Commons. Police chief and rapporteur of the relative law to the organization of the national guard, rapporteur of the commission of the roads and channels, the law on cereals, etc, it was named to advise State and member of the council of admiralty, and was promoted commander of the Legion of honor. He became member of the Academy of Science morals and political during his re-establishment in 1832.

It defended the budget of 1832 in the capacity as commissioner government and, since then, named five times Member of the Commission of finances and four times rapporteur of the budget of the marine, it took part in the discussions on advance, the executives and the pensions of the officers of the sea and Armies. Approaching the conservatives more and more, it defended the clergy, opinant for the maintenance of a évêché in each department and asserting for France the participation in the nomination of the cardinal .

Re-elected appointed the June 21st 1834, it became, the November 14th, transitory a Minister for the Navy and Colonies in the ministry Maret, also said the “ministry for the three days”. For this short period, it found time to institute a price of 6.000 francs for the most outstanding progress of the application of the vapor to the military navy.

After this passage to the government, it took again the drafting of the general report/ratio of which it had been charged by the jury with the exposure with 1834. Its short passage to the ministry had constrained it to be represented in front of its voters who had renewed their confidence to him the December 8th 1834.

In the session of 1836, at the time of the discussion of the law on the customs, it was opposite with absolute commercial freedom. The following year, it made reject a certain number of amendments to the bill which prescribed the payment with the Deposit and consignment office funds of the savings banks.

The October 8th 1837, Charles Dupin was named Pair France. It continued to be shown very active with the Upper House, where it was pointed out by his report/ratio on the pawnshops, by his speech on the bill concerning the commercial transactions between the metropolis and its colonies, by his participation in the discussion of the bill on the staff of the army, by his intervention in the animated debates to which place the proposal of Mounier tending gave to modify the organization of the Legion of honor, by its reports/ratios on the Travail of the children in manufactures, on the extraordinary funds of the navy, Algeria, etc It defended with the platform the marshal Bugeaud, that its political adversaries had very highly attacked, and supported until the end the monarchy of July, which had raised it with the dignity of large-officer of the Legion of honor the April 27th 1840.

Under the Second Republic

After the Revolution of 1848, a by-election made it enter to the constituent Assembly in June 1848, three holidays being produced in the department of the Seine-lower . It was one of the burning members of the majority from the right, with which it voted constantly. It formed part, the June 28th, of the commission which proposed the suppression of the national Ateliers. During the discussion of the constitution, he strongly decided in favor of the Bicamérisme. On many occasion it was, against the socialist , the body of the preserving feelings of the majority of the assembly: one of its speeches, relating to the social question, was printed besides with 20.000 specimens on the decision of this one.

The department of Seine-Lower returned it to the legislative Parliament the May 13rd 1849. He voted constantly with the monarchists: for the Forwarding of Rome, the Law Falloux on teaching, the limitation of the Vote for all.

Under the Second Empire

The shortly after the Coup d'etat of December 2nd, 1851, it kept a few days away then fully joined with Napoleon III, which appointed it senator the January 26th 1852. With the Senate, it spoke in the majority of the great economic, political and religious discussions.

Under the Second Empire, it was turn secretary, vice-president and president of the exposures of industry and, in 1851, president of the French jury sent by the Commercial Minister to the World Fair of London.

It left the public life after 1870 and died the January 18th 1873.

The baron Charles Dupin would be the model of the knight Auguste Dupin, the detective created by Edgar Poe, which made the hero of three news of them: Double assassination in the street Mortuary , the stolen Letter and the Mystery of Marie Roget .

Publications

Voyages in Great Britain, undertaken relative at the public services of the war, the marine, and the Highways Departments, with the trade and industry since 1816 . Paris, Graduate, 1825. 6 volumes. Three parts:

Volumes 1 & 2: Military force. Constitution of the Armed . Studies & work.
Volumes 3 & 4: Naval force. Constitution of the marine . Studies & work.
Volumes 5 & 6: Commercial force (section of public works and associations). Public highways, places, streets, roads, channels, the Highways Departments, coasts and seaports.

Geometry and Mécanique of Arts and Trades and the Art schools . Paris, Graduate, 1826. Three parts:

Volume First (Geometry).
Volume Second (Mechanics).
Volume Third (Dynamics).

See too

Sources

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