Charles-Joseph Natoire

Charles-Joseph Natoire is a French painter born with Nimes the March 3rd 1700 and died in Castel Gandolfo the August 23rd 1777.

Of alive sound, Natoire was put at equal François Boucher. Director of the Academy from France to Rome of 1751 with 1775, it enjoys a great authority in the artistic world. Like its Master François Lemoyne, he is the painter of the grace, pleasure and the love of life. Its hot and sensual key is undoubtedly too gracious for the painting of history, too frivolous for religious painting. It remains before just like the author of the admirable continuation of the Histoire of Psyché for the living room of the Princess of the Hôtel of Soubise in Paris, as well as paperboards of the Histoire of Don Quichotte for the Manufacture of Beauvais, preserved for the majority at the Château of Compiegne.

Biography

Resulting from a good catholic family originating in Lorraine, Charles-Joseph Natoire was born in Nimes in 1700, wire of Florent Natoire, sculptor, and of his wife Catherine Mauric. His/her father, after him to have given his first lessons of drawing, sends it to Paris in 1717 to supplement his formation in the workshop of Louis Galloche (1670 - 1761), painter of the King and professor to the royal Académie of painting and sculpture, then near François Lemoyne, whose teaching will strongly mark it.

First Roman stay (1723-1729)

August 30th 1721, it obtains the First Grand Prix of Rome with a Manué offers a sacrifice to the Lord to obtain a son who was Sanson . June 30th 1723, it is named boarder of the Académie from France to Rome where it arrives in October of the same year. It carries out a copy of the removal of Sabines of Pierre de Cortone, an overdoor representing Diane for the Palais Mancini, where the Academy from France to Rome settles in 1725, and gains in December 1725 the first price of painting of the Académie of Saint-Luc with a intention entitled Mosè che nel ritorno dal assembles the Sinai if Al popolo idiot faccia risplendente will mostra. In 1728, it paints for the ambassador of France, the cardinal of Polignac, a table representing Jesus driving out the merchants out of the Temple .

Natoire in Paris (1730-1751)

Natoire sets out again for Paris at the beginning of 1729. On the way of the return, it spends some time to Venice. It is approved with the royal Academy of painting and sculpture on September 30th 1730.

Its reputation is established quickly and it receives important orders before even being full member of the Academy. As of 1731, for the castle of the Vault-Godefroy with Saint-Aubin (Paddle) pertaining to Philibert Orry, General inspector of finances, which was to succeed the duke of Antin as managing director of the Bâtiments of the King in 1736, it works thus with a Histoire of the Gods in nine tables, a Histoire of Clovis in six tables, a Histoire of Télémaque in six tables and the Four Seasons . Natoire will complete this work only in 1740. In 1732, it also carries out three overdoors on the subjects drawn from the Old Testament for the hotel of the duke of Antin to Paris.

In June 1734, it takes part in the Exposure of the Youth of the Dauphine place with a Galathée . This year it receives its first royal order for the room of the queen to the Château of Versailles and it is received member of the Academy on December 31st with a Venus orders from Vulcan of the weapons for Énée . Consequently, it carries out many royal orders, for the small apartments of the Château of Fontainebleau, for the cabinet and the dining room of the King to the castle of Versailles, for the Château of Marly, for the royal Bibliothèque, etc

In 1735, Natoire carries out the first paperboard of the famous series of tapestries of the Histoire of Don Quichotte carried out by the Manufacture of Beauvais for the farmer general Pierre Grimod of the Fort (1692 - 1748). In 1737, it receives the ordering of the cycle of the Histoire of Psyché for the oval living room of the Princess, realized by Germain Boffrand with the Hôtel of Soubise in Paris, one of its most remarkable creations. Starting from 1741, it builds the paperboards of the Histoire of Marc-Antoine for the Manufacture of the Goblins.

In 1747, it is exerted with a kind which will remain to him not very familiar, the portrait, with a Louis, dolphin of France . It is shown more at ease in religious painting with fabrics such as Saint Etienne in front of the doctors carrying of false witnesses against him , painted in 1745 for the Saint-Symphorien vault of the church Saint-Germain-of-Meadows. It also takes part in the remarkable decoration illusionist of the vault of the hospital of Child-Found (1746 - 1750), built by Germain Boffrand in the island from the City in Paris and unfortunately destroyed at the 19th century.

In 1747, it takes part in the contest organized by the new managing director of the Building industries of the King, Normalizing It of Tournehem, with splendid the Triomphe of Bacchus of the Musée of Louvre.

Second Roman stay (1751-1777)

In 1751, Natoire is named director of the Académie from France to Rome. It is a prestigious nomination, but it will seal the end of its career. Moved away from the Court, Natoire will not become First painter of the King, being seen preferring its rivals, Carle Van Loo then François Boucher. Moreover, it almost will cease painting. On the other hand, it is shown, at least in the first years, an active director, pushing the boarders to multiply the sendings and recommending to them to draw the Roman countryside.

Anobli in April 1753, it receives in 1755 the Ordre of Saint-Michel, until it waited impatiently.

During its second Roman stay, its principal personal realization is the fresco of the Apothéose of saint Louis to the ceiling of the church Saint-Louis-of-French (1754 - 1756). But, at the time when the Néoclassicisme is becoming with the mode, the party of the painter, which takes as a starting point the ceiling of Sebastiano Conca with Holy-Cecile, seems to lack originality and of force, and is worth critical sharp to him.

Natoire then will be restricted to carry out many drawings of the Roman countryside, but few fabrics. It becomes increasingly devout. In 1767, the architect Adrien Sheep, driven out Academy, brings a lawsuit to him which it will end up gaining in 1770, Natoire seeing itself condemning to 20.000 books of damages like at the expense. He is shown administrative errors and the new managing director of the Building industries, the count d' Angiviller, the met with the retirement of office in June 1775. He withdraws himself with Castel Gandolfo where he dies two years later.

Principal works

Religious painting

Manué offers a sacrifice to the Lord to obtain a son who was Sanson , 1721, Paris, 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of the fine arts.
Jesus driving out the merchants out of the Temple , 1728, Paris, Church Saint M3edard's Day.
Three overdoors for the hotel of the duke of Antin to Paris, 1732:

Jacob and Rachel leaving the residence of Laban , Atlanta, The High Museum off Article
Jacob and Rachel which make drink their herds of sheep and other cattle , New York, coll leaves.
Agar and his/her son Ismaël , Paris, Museum of Louvre.

Adam and Eve driven out of the terrestrial Paradise , 1740, New York, Metropolitan Museum off Art.
Holy Etienne in front of the doctors carrying of false witnesses against him , 1745, Rennes, Museum of the Art schools.
baptism of Christ , 1747, Arras, Museum of the Art schools.
Deposition , 1755, Besancon, Midsummer's Day Cathedral.

Mythological and allegorical painting

Cycle of the History of the Gods , 9 tables, 1731-1735, ordered by Philibert Orry:

Io removed by Jupiter , 1731, Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
the removal of Europe , 1731, Saint-Pétersbourg, Museum of the Hermitage.
Jupiter been useful by Hébé , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
Jupiter removing Ganymède , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
Danaé receiving Jupiter metamorphosed in gold rain, Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
Mercury and the Love , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
Love spreading of the flowers on the ground , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
the education of the Love , Moscow, Museum Pouchkine.
Léda and the swan , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.

First cycle of the History of Psyché , 4 tables, 1734-1735, ordered by the farmer general Louis Denis Lalive de Bellegarde (1679-1751) for the castle of Chevrette:

Venus showing Psyché with the Love , nonlocalized.
the Toilet of Psyché , New-Orleans, Museum off Article
Venus which defends with the Love to see Psyché , New-Orleans, Museum off Article
Psyché obtaining from Proserpine the elixir of beauty , Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum off Article

Cycle of the Histoire of Télémaque , 6 tables, 1735-1740, ordered by Philibert Orry:

Venus which gives the Love to Calypso , 1739, Moscow, Musée Pouchkine.
Télémaque in the island of Calypso , 1739, Saint-Pétersbourg, Museum of the Hermitage.
the vessel of Télémaque burned by the nymphs , Saint-Pétersbourg, Museum of the Hermitage.
Calypso listening to the councils of the Love , Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.
Télémaque listening to the councils of Mentor , 1740, Troyes, Museum of the Art schools.

the Four Seasons , 4 tables, 1735 (destroyed in 1814).
the Youth and the Virtue which introduce two princesses to France , 1734, Chambre of the queen, Château of Versailles ( in situ ).
Venus orders from Vulcan of the weapons for Énée , 1734, Montpellier, Musée Fabre.
Cycle of the History of Psyché , 8 tables, 1737-1739, Paris, Living room of the Princess, Hotel of Soubise ( in situ ):

Psyché received by the nymphs in the palate of the Love , 1737.
Psyché showing its treasures with his/her sisters , 1738.
Psyché contemplating her husband, the Love deadened , 1738.
Psyché saved of water by the nymphs , 1738.
Psyché in the shepherds , 1738.
Psyché weakening of fright in the presence of Venus , 1738.
Psyché removed in Olympe by the Love , 1739.
Psyché accommodated by Zephyr , 1739.

Bacchus receives with drinkinga child, accompanied by two Bacchantes and Silènes , 1738.
the Three Graces which connect the Love , 1738, Paris, Palais of Luxembourg.
the Beauty relights the torch of the Love , 1739, ordered for the room of the Queen, castle of Versailles ( in situ ).
liberal arts , overdoors, 1740, ordered for the Cabinet of the medals of the Library of the King, Paris, National library of France, site Richelieu ( in situ ):

the Sculpture .
Painting .
Architecture .

the four elements , overdoors, 1741, ordered by Pierre Grimod of the Fort for the Chamillart hotel, Street of the Cock-Héron in Paris:

Earth, or nutritive Cérès Triptolème , nonlocalized.
Fire, or Venus asking Vulcan of the weapons for Énée , Museum of Autun.
Water, or triumph of Amphitrite , nonlocalized.
Air, or Junon and Iris , Paris, Palate of Luxembourg.

Venus with its toilet , 1742, Bordeaux, Museum of the Art schools.
Bacchus and ARIANE , 1742, Saint-Pétersbourg, Museum of the Hermitage.
Four tables for the Castle of Marly, 1743:

Bacchus and ARIANE , Paris, Hotel of Lassay.
Rest of Diane , Versailles, Small Trianon.
Apollo and the Muses , nonlocalized.
Venus and Neptune , nonlocalized.

triumph of Bacchus , 1747, Paris, Museum of Louvre.
Two tables for the hotel of Angel-Laurent Lalive de Jully, Street Saint-Honore in Paris, 1749:

Orgy , Houston, Museum off Fine Arts.
Triumph of Amphitrite , nonlocalized.

Allegory of the birth of Marie-Zéphirine de France , 1749, Castle of Versailles.
Cupid sharpening its arrows , 1750, Saint-Pétersbourg, Museum of the Hermitage.

Painting of history

Cycle of the History of Clovis , 6 tables, 1735-1738, ordered by Philibert Orry, Troyes, Museum of the Art schools:

the Battle of Tolbiac , 1735.
Saint Rémy brings to Clovis the tender of the People of Rheims , 1736.
Clovis, crowned by the Victoire, makes refleurir the Religion , 1736.
the Rest of France , 1736.
the head office of Bordeaux by Clovis , 1737.
the Battle of Vouillé , 1738.

the solemn entry of Monseigneur de Pâris in Orleans , 1745, ordered for the residence of countryside of the bishops of Orleans with Meung-sur-Loire, Orleans, Bibliothèque municipal.
the apotheosis of saint Louis , 1756, Brest, Museum of the Art schools (draft).

Painting of kind

pastoral Scene , overdoor, Paris, Hotel of Roquelaure, 246 Boulevard Saint-Germain ( in situ ).

Paperboards of tapestries

Series of the History of Don Quichotte (paperboards of tapestries), 1735:

Sancho punishing commercial hazel nuts , 1735, Castle of Compiegne.
Don Quichotte in time that he is stripped by the Young ladies of the Duchess , 1742, nonlocalized.
Departure of Sancho for the island of Barataria , Castle of Compiegne.
the Meal of Sancho, governor of the island of Barataria , Castle of Compiegne.
Don Quichotte and birds with the cave of Montesinos , Castle of Compiegne.
Don Quichotte and the knight of the Mirrors , Castle of Compiegne.
the False princess of Micomicon comes to request Don Quichotte to give it on her throne , Château of Compiegne.

Series of the History of Marc-Antoine (paperboards of tapestries), 1740-1757:

Marc-Antoine which makes his entry in Éphèse , 1741, Arras, Musée of the Art schools.
the meal of Cléopâtre and Marc-Antoine , 1754, Nimes, Museum of the Art schools of Nimes.
the arrival of Cléopâtre to Tarse , 1756, Nimes, Museum of the Art schools of Nimes.
the interview of Cléopâtre and Antoine at Tarsus , 1757, Rouen, Museum of the Art schools.
the conclusion of the peace of Tarente , draft, 1757, Nimes, Museum of the Art schools.

Portraits

Louise-Anne of Bourbon-Cop , 1731, Castle of Versailles.
Monseigneur de Pâris, bishop of Orleans , 1746, Orleans, Museum of the Art schools.
Louis, dolphin of France , 1747, Castle of Versailles.

See too

Internal bonds

Jean-Baptiste Perronneau

External bonds

Antoine Schnapper, Note on the site of the French ministry of the culture, 2000
Charles-Joseph Natoire in Artcyclopedia

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