Championship of France of football

The championship of France of football , known under the name of League 1 Orange since 2002, is an annual competition putting at the catches the twenty best clubs of Football in France. This year, the professional championship celebrates its 75e birthday. The first day of the inaugural edition was held the September 11th 1932. Named “National” in 1932-33, the championship takes the name of “Division 1” of 1933 to 2002 before being renamed “League 1” during the summer 2002. The Olympique Lyonese is holding it of the title since 2002 what is a record (sixth consecutive title).

The creation of the professional Championship of France

French football resists the professionalism until in 1930. In July of this year, the National council of the French federation of football decides by 128 votes against 20 (Paris, Alsace and Auvergne) and 1 abstention (the president Jules Rimet) for the installation from professionalism in France. The founding fathers of French professionalism are Georges Bayrou, Emmanuel Gambardella and Gabriel Hanot. It is applied in 1932.

The Federation decides to limit the professional statute to a restricted elite. It then sets up a national championship at twenty clubs. They only will be able to evolve/move under professional statute in 1932-1933. The Federation enacts three rules to limit the number of the candidatures for the professional statute: to have had convincing results in the past, to have sufficiently important receipts counters to balance finances and to have recruited at least eight players under professional statute. Certain clubs refuse by principle the professional statute: three clubs of Strasbourg, RC Roubaix, Amiens SC and of many Parisian clubs whose French Stade thus refuses to stand as a candidate. In other clubs, the tension is such as one must exploit artifices to allow has certain clubs to reach this statute. With the Racing Club of France, historically hostile with the statute pro, it is thus not question of being misled. The flag team of the RCF is then renamed Racing Club of Paris, and presents her candidature for the professional statute under this name. The Olympique Inhabitant of Lille was also points some in the refusal with the statute pro, but not for reasons of morals. The obsession of president Henri Jooris, also president of the powerful League of North, was the passage of its League to the row of a kind of Division 2. The neighbors inhabitant of Lille of SC Fives did not have these scruples and were candidates. Certain players inhabitant of Lille even started to sign professional contracts with Fives. To stop the hemorrhage, Jooris was constrained to present Lille to the professional statute. Even the Stage of Rennes hesitated to cross the step of professionalism whereas the club had the appearance of a club at a peak on this subject. With the general surprise, the management committee pushed back this possibility by vote by 73 votes against 20. It was necessary that the supporters promise to reinflate the cases in the event of deficit so that the club of Rennes engages finally in the pros. If the leaders of the clubs of the North of the country appear overall hostile with this evolution, it is not the case in the South and of very many clubs do not hesitate to present their candidature. South-east inherits thus with him only about half of the authorizations (nine out of twenty). One year later, a Division 2 is installation and some reticent clubs in 1932 agree to cross Rubicon, Strasbourg, Amiens and the RC Roubaix in particular.

History

See also: Prize list of the championship of France of football D1

The pre-war period (1932-1939)

Five clubs divide the first seven allotted titles: FC Sochaux and FC Sète gain of them two each one tandis RC Paris, the Olympique of Marseilles and the Olympique Inhabitant of Lille must be satisfied with only one. These five formations constitute of 1932 to 1939 the spinal column of the championship.

The British players, of course, but also those originating in Central Europe (Austria with the first chief) are numerous to join the French clubs from now on professional which thus count in their rows some of the best players of planet. Let us quote here Rodolphe Hiden, André Abegglen and Larbi Ben Barek. French side, Courteous Roger and Jean Nicolas are the players more in sight.

Mined by financial problems inherent in the passage to the professionalism and the multiplication of long displacements, the war mows the professional football then only 7 years old. A “world cup effect” had even been noted since world French of 1938, letting predict of a glowing future.

Championships of war (1939-1945)

See also: : Category: Championship of France of football (1939-1945)

The championships of 1939 with 1945 are known as “Championships of war”. By convention, these titles do not appear in the prize list of the clubs. Indeed, between 1939 and 1945, France of football was blocked by the war: the combat, the Vichy government, the bombardments then the disorder of the first months of the Release were authentic brakes with the installation of a championship worthy of this name. It is true that the championship of “funny of war” was never completed, while those of 1941, 1942 and 1943 crowned a champion in North, another in the South. In 1944, the regional teams of the Régime of Vichy are with work. The confusion of the season of the Release and impossibility for the clubs of the East of taking share there (engagements oblige) explain the reclassification of this competition like the last of the “championships of war”.

The post-war period (1945-1954)

The recasting of Division 1 is the subject number 1 of the summer 1945. Who sets out again? And with which title? Certain clubs amalgamated during the war: Lille and Fives on the one hand, both Roubaix and Tourcoing on the other hand. Places are released, the more so as the elite passes from 16 to 18 clubs. One refers thus to the results of the last championship to admit directly in D1 the clubs of Lyon, Bordeaux and Rheims. Rheims (4th of the Northern group) is preferred in Clermont (4th southern group) because of its good performances during the seasons of war.

LOSC of the president Louis Henno is the large club of immediate the post-war period. The Inhabitants of Lille remove two titles and collect the second places. The surprised team is also originating in North. CORT Roubaix indeed gains with the general surprise the title in 1947 with four points in advance over a rising value of French football: the Stage of Rheims.

The other titrated clubs are the Girondins of Bordeaux which are based on an impregnable defense in 1950, and the Olympique of Marseilles which is essential on the “ finish ” in front of Lille and Rheims in 1948. Taken along by the Brazilian brilliance Yeso Amalfi in 1950-51, OGC Nice is the first club has to gain two consecutive titles. Yeso leaves for Italy after the first title, but the Eaglets sign one doubled cut-championship in 1951-52.

Football Champagne (1955-1963)

Under the control of Albert Batteux since 1950, the Stade of Rheims is essential as the high-speed motorboat team of the championship while being pressed on players like Raymond Kopa (1951-56), Robert Jonquet (1942-60), Armand Penverne (1947-1959) and Just Fontaine (1956-62) in particular. Vis-a-vis the armada rémoise, Nice, Saint-Etienne and Monaco manage to impose itself. The first title inhabitant of Saint-Etienne is acquired in 1957 with four points in advance on RC Lens. Best Verts of this time was Claude Abbes, Kees Rijvers, Rachid Mekloufi and Eugene OJ Lea under the direction of Jean Snella.

Nice and Monaco sign two titles chacuns during this time. The principal craftsmen of this success were the trainers Luis Carniglia then Jean Luciano with Nice and Lucien Leduc with Monaco.

The departure of Raymond Kopa for the Real Madrid in June 1956 is a crevecoor for the French supporters. It was not however the first to choose the foreigner and its example remained insulated. Just Fontaine could have left to play in Brazil in end of a career, but a wound put an end to these exploits on the grounds earlier than envisaged.

Greens and Canaries (1963-1983)

FC Nantes reaches in D1 in 1963 and gains the title as of its second season among the elite. The play with Nantes preached by Jose Arribas which is based before on speed and the collective is a worthy heir to football champagne of large the Stade of Rheims. Saint-Etienne proves to be the only club able to compete with the Nantes canaries and the Nantes-Sainté matches will be, twenty years during, the tops of the season. Between 1963 and 1983, the Greens remove nine titles and Nantes six, leaving only crumbs to the other clubs. OM of the president Marcel Leclerc arrives has to know two consecutive sacrings (1971 and 1972) and the RC Strasbourg of the trainer Gilbert Gress hangs the title in 1979. The ACE Monaco removes two titles in 1978 and 1982. In addition to these crowned clubs, Bordeaux collected the second places.

Two generations of players follow one another over these twenty seasons. Robert Herbin, Jean-Claude Suaudeau and Gilbert Gress succeeds thus as player before becoming trainers of talent. Side players at the Greens one will note Rachid Mekloufi and Robert Herbin then Jean-Michel Larqué, Christian Lopez, Dominique Bathenay, Georges Bereta, Herve Revelli and Dominique Rocheteau without forgetting the Yugoslav guard Ivan Curkovic and the hitchkiker Oswaldo Piazza. In Nantes, one will quote Henri Michel, Maxime Bossis, Jean-Paul Bertrand-Demanes, Philippe Gondet, Bernard Blanchet and Jose Touré. Side trainers in Nantes, Jose Arribas, Jean Vincent and Jean-Claude Suaudeau register the club of Loire-Atlantique in a continuity.

The race under better striker of the season 1970-1971 was one of the great moments of this period. The Marseillais Josip Skoblar gains finally the title with 44 goals registered in 38 matches in front of the Inhabitant of Saint-Etienne Salif Keita, 42 goals. With the image of the 13 goals registered in final stage of World cup by Just Fountain in 1958, this record of 44 goals over one season appears inaccessible, even for strikers in series as Argentinian the Carlos Bianchi which reaches a maximum with 37 goals in 38 matches in 1977-78. Other large strikers of these years: Philippe Gondet (36 goals in 1965 -66), Bernard Lacombe (255 goals of 1970 with 1987), Herve Revelli (216 goals of 1966 with 1975) and Delio Onnis (299 goals of 1972 with 1986), in particular.

Michel Platini, Alain Giresse, Jean-Marc Guillou, Jean-Michel Larqué and Safet Susic shone particularly at the station of offensive medium ground while Luis Fernandez and others Jean Tigana were illustrated in defensive medium. With the back, in addition to the defenders inhabitants of Saint-Etienne and Nantes already named in this chapter, one will quote Marius Trésor, Roger Lemerre, Jean Djorkaeff, Bernard Bosquier and Manuel Amoros. Among goalkeepers, let us quote Georges Carnus, Dominique Baratelli, André Rey, Jean-Luc Ettori, Joel Bats and Bruno Martini.

Insanity with the capacity (1983-2001)

This period is marked by the rise to power of clubs like Bordeaux, Marseilles and the PSG which rest on financial means consequent and not always the very clear ones. The businesses multiply and one reaches tops at the time of the Affaire VOMIT and the championship of France 1992-93 remains “not allotted”. The strong men of this period are four leaders: Claude Bez, president of the Of Gironde of Bordeaux of 1977 with 1990, which transforms this good club into large club; Jean-Luc Lagardere, owner of the Paris FC then Matra-Racing, is responsible for the inflationary crisis of second half of the Années 1980; Bernard Tapie, president of the Olympic of Marseilles, which alternates best and the worst, and Canal+, owner of the PSG of 1991 with 2006, which, to the image of Tapie in Marseilles, passes from best (presidency of Michel Denisot), at worst after 1998.

In 1996, the Arrêt Bosman opens the borders europennes and one attends since this date a true plundering of the best French players by the foreign clubs (see Liste of French footballers expatriates since the stop Bosman). 1996 are also the year chosen by AJ Auxerre, model of training center to the Frenchwoman, to hang her only championship of France. Two years later, it is the Racing Club of Lens which saw its first sacring, right in front of FC Metz, another large old never still crowned.

The best players of this time were mainly the Of Bordeaux one (Alain Giresse and Jean Tigana), of the Marseillais (Jean-Pierre Papin, Chris Waddle and Basile Boli) and the Parisian ones (Raï, Valdo and George Weah), but modifications of the market of the transfers obliges, the championship is generally satisfied since the medium with years 1990 to see hatching of the talents before a departure under other skies. Michel Platini had the appearance of an exception at the beginning of period, today, it is per tens that one counts the former players of the championship of France evolving/moving with the more high level abroad. One will quote here for memory Eric Cantona, Laurent Blanc, Didier Deschamps, Marcel Desailly, Zinedine Zidane, Lilian Thuram, Thierry Henry, Bixente Lizarazu, Patrick Viera.

Lyons hegemony (since 2001)

The Olympic Lyonese dominates the championship of the beginning of the 21e century by gaining six consecutive titles, record of the kind, since the season 2001 - 2002. The series is always in hand. The Lyons president Jean-Michel Aulas is at the base of this success for a club which had never known this honor at the 20th century. The OL presses its sporting success on players like Sony Anderson, then Grégory Coupet, Juninho and others Cris. The competition of the Lyoneses is homogeneous: in 6 gained titles, they inherited each year a different dolphin.

The plundering of the best talents of the championship continues. Ronaldinho does not carry out as well as a hook by PSG before joining FC Barcelona coming from the Brésil. International French evolves/moves for the great majority in foreign clubs. This policy generates many disillusions at the European level, but allows the championship, Lyons ogre put aside, to propose a plate of rather homogeneous teams.

Evolution of the payment

Promotion/relegation is from now on very simple. The last three of final general classification are relegated while the three first of D2 are promoted. This method is of use since 1993. Before this date, certain clubs were directly relegated (generally two) while a system of stoppings between badly classified clubs of D1 and those classified just after those promoted of D2 took place. These stoppings had multiple alternatives. Simplest consisted in opposing 18th (or 16th in the event of championship with 18 clubs) of Division 1 against 3rd of D2. There existed also true small championships according to season implying to four clubs (two of D1 and two of D2). At the time of the championship with two groups, a match of pre-stopping opposed the two vice-champions of each group of D2. The winner of this confrontation faced then 18th of D1.

In order to start again the spectacle, the League sets up several systems of allowances. The no-claims bonus of the years 1970 is most famous. One grants an additional point to the teams marking three goals in 1973 - 1974. Thus, a tie 3-3 is rewarded for an additional point for each team, generating some doubtful matches. The League rectifies the shooting the following season by granting only one additional point to a team which asserts itself by marking at least three goals, then gives up this formula which lent to controversies (1976). The League also exploited the number of points allotted for a victory. As of the season 1988 - 1989, the system of the victory at three points is tested. It is finally adopted in 1994.

In 1932-33, D1 counts 113 foreign players out of 387, that is to say 29,2%. One goes up to 35% in 1933-34. Their number is then limited to three then to two on the ground as of 1938. In spite of these restrictions, the clubs of D1 preserve on average more than five foreign players in their manpower to the war. From 1945 with 1955, the median number of the foreign players by club of D1 passes from 1 to 3,45. Paul Nicolas, president of the Grouping closes the doors of the championship to the foreign players the April 27th 1955. Those already under contract can remain (they will not be more that 16 in D1 in 1960), but no foreign player can be recruited. The goal of Nicolas is to support the formation within the clubs. Between 1961 and 1963, the clubs can recruit a foreign player, but the border is then again closed until in 1966. Many African players benefit from the period of closing of the overseas market to make their entry masses some in D1. These African footballers and the clubs indeed exploit the double-nationality of the players all born under French authority, colonial empire obliges. After 1966, the overseas market remains always accessible to the French clubs. The number of the foreign players by club is initially limited to two, then to three. The Arrêt Bosman modifies gives it in-depth by creating in fact an open European market as from the season 1996-1997. This new regulation is harmful with the championship of France which loses many its best players.

The financial control of the clubs by the National management of Control of Management is the consequence of drifts observed during the Années 1980. It has a function of control and has the means of sanctioning, in particular the capacity to retrogress of the clubs or to prohibit them promotions. The DNCG delivers its first sanctions of administrative retrogradation in 1991. The president of the League Christmas Graët also tried to impose criteria to reach in D1 as regards capacity of reception of the stages. This rule never was really complied with, and never a club was not relegated or was prohibited to reach the elite for this reason. The decayed cases of stages or far from the imposed minima however do not miss, today still.

The trophy

The Olympic Inhabitant of Lille, and his captain Georges Beaucourt, accepted at the conclusion of the finale of the May 14th 1933, of the hands of the under-secretary of state to state education Mr. Ducos, the cut rewarding the professional champion of France. Besides it acted more than one vase (not of handle) that of a cut. This trophy had been offered by the newspaper Small Parisian the . Lille preserved this first trophy definitively and Small Parisian the financed a new trophy, different from the first, but always without handle, which remained in activity until in 2002. One replaced just the plate mentioning the Small Parisian one after the war by another in the name of the Parisian Released . However, there only existed very seldom of true ceremonies of official handing-over. In the middle of the Years 1980, the league however tried to restore this use. One remembers thus the handing-over of the trophy to the Girondins of Bordeaux in residence against ACE Monaco in 1985. To reward the ACE Saint-Etienne for these ten titles, a “super trophy” was given; It was about the trophy given every year to the champion, but to a scale 1,5.

With the name change of the championship, a new trophy is created: the Trophy of League 1. A ceremony of handing-over copied on the English model is also installation. Representative in a stylized way a chest, it is introduced for the first time to the public the May 6th 2003. To honor the Olympique Lyonese, five times champion consecutively, it was decided that the club would definitively preserve it after the title of 2006. The new trophy Hexagoal was given for the first time to the Olympique Lyonese at the conclusion of the season 2006 - 2007.

The poster

Since the installation of a championship in 1894, certain competitions generated posters focusing the interest of the supporters and the media. Since the beginning of the Years 1990, the poster PSG-OM thus clearly releases remainder from the calendar. The first poster of the championship goes back to the end of the 19th century and opposed, of 1894 at the first years of the 20th century, the Parisian clubs of the Standard AC and the French Club. The manpower of the Standard was mainly made up British players while Clubistes were mainly French. During the ten years preceding the First World War, it is the golden age of the derbies with the multiplication of posters putting at the catches clubs same city. The Olympique of Marseilles had thus extremely to make at the local level vis-a-vis the Swiss Stade of Marseilles. Of 1919 with 1932, the Coupe de France is the competition of reference and initiates the first regional competitions. The creation of the professional championship in 1932 accentuates this tendency. The policy a club, a city, in particular illustrated by the forced fusion of the three professional clubs of Bordeaux in 1937 thus eliminates from the calendar the derbies intern with the same city, and even Paris, does not lay out since 1990, date of the relegation of the Matra Racing, that of only one club among the elite, in spite of speeches agreed upon on the interest to set up a second large club in Paris.

Already initiated before the Second world war, the regional derbies are essential like appointments impossible to circumvent of the calendar after the conflict. It is true that the meetings between Lyon and Saint-Etienne or Lens and Lille had been rare with the more high level before 1945. To the image the competition enters the Standard and the French Club of the end of the XIXe century, of the shocks emergent also of the calendar. Thus, the meetings between RC Paris and Lille OSC between 1945 and 1955, were the equivalent of the PSG-OM of today. In the same vein, the Stage of Rheims replaces Lille like rival of Racing of the medium of the Années 1950 in the middle of the Années 1960. Then these two headlights of French football are eclipsed by two rising values: Nantes and Saint-Etienne. Medium of the years 1960 at the beginning of the Years 1980, the shock, it was Nantes-Sainté. One will announce the microphone-competition between Saint-Etienne and Marseilles between 1969 and 1972, but in spite of brilliant put in media scene (Leclerc, president of the OM was director of the newspaper But!), the Nantes-Sainté opposition remained the principal poster. Under the direction of Claude Bez, the Girondins of Bordeaux is essential like the best French formation of the years 1980 and the opposition vis-a-vis the OM of Bernard Tapie, in second half of the years 1980, constituted a shock with the measurement of the presidents of the two clubs. Since the vexations of president Bez, the PSG version Canal+ managed to slip into the breach, and while exploiting the old competition Paris/Province, shock PSG-OM was put at the world. Certain journalists of the encrypted chain baptized at the beginning of the Années 2000 this shock of the term of " classico" , with two S contrary to the Spanish model.

Economy of the championship

According to the last financial reporting published by DNCG, the cumulated budget of the twenty clubs of League 1 was of 910 million euros in 2005-2006, that is to say a rise of 39% compared to the season 2002-2003. Thanks to this solid growth which rests primarily on an important rise of the tele rights, the French clubs could leave the quasi permanent financial crisis since the beginnings of the championship. Put aside PSG, all the clubs of the elite present from now on balanced or profit accounts. The season 2005-2006 is even marked by a total benefit for the whole of the clubs of League 1 of 27,708 million euros. In comparison, the cumulated deficit of the clubs of the elite was of 151,176 million euros over the only season 2002-2003.

This last financial serious attack which begins in the middle of the Années 1980 with the rise from the wages imposed by clubs as the Matra-Racing makes following another difficult period which begins at the beginning from the Années 1960 and which is completed in the middle of the Années 1970. At worst of the crisis, the average of the spectators plunges to less 7000 per match in 1968-69. Many prestigious clubs were besides constrained to stop their activities as a professional: FC Sète (1960), the CA Paris (1963), CORT Roubaix (1963), the ACE Troyes (1963), the US Forbach (1966), the Racing Club of Paris (1966), the French Stage (1967), SO Montpellier (1969), the ACE Béziers (1969), RC Lens (1969) and the Lille OSC (1969), in particular. After this hecatomb, the Federation and the League, always in cold since 1944, found an area of agreement in order to save high level French football: it is the reform of the competitions which comes into force in 1970. Since 1932, the championship was closed, and no team could go down from D2 in CFA. From 1970, this dispostif is not any more, allowing the emergence of new professional clubs like Auxerre and Guingamp, among others.

Until the Years 1970, it quasi totality of the receipts of the clubs came from the counters. In 2005-2006, the receipts of the twenty clubs of League 1 come to 57% from the tele rights and only to 15% of the counters. Publicity was always present around the stages but appears on the shirts of the players in October 1969. This type of receipts weighs in 2005-2006 per 18% in the budgets of the clubs of the elite. The merchandizing and the subsidies of the local government agencies (3%) supplement the budgets. These same subsidies represented a quarter of the receipts at the beginning of the Années 1980. They from now on are severely framed by the European regulation.

The championship and television

Before Canal+ (1956-1984)

The first retransmission of a match of the Championship of France on line goes back to the December 29th 1956. The meeting Stage of Rheims - FC Metz is diffused by ORTF against the payment of an financial equalization to the Stade of Rheims covering the difference between the receipt of the day and the average of the receipts of the club. The park is then estimated at 700.000 television sets in France.

The November 12th 1959, a crisis bursts between football and TV following the diffusion on the French single chain of the match Hungary - Germany. The FF which had not given its green light to this diffusion blocks from now on all diffusions. Georges Briquet is then named in 1960 like mediator in order to untie the crisis which enlise. The signed agreements the February 4th 1961 between the federation and the ORTF do not relate to the championship, which remains absent from antennas during four other years.

In 1965 - 1966, four matches of championship of D1 are diffused on line by the ORTF: Sedan - Bordeaux, Sochaux - Nantes, Angers - French Valencians and Stage - Sochaux. Red Star - Nantes and Sedan - Marseilles in 1967 - 1968, then seven matches in 1968 - 1969, AC Ajaccio - Sedan, Lyon - St-Etienne, Rouen - Nantes, Nancy - Rheims, Sedan - Metz, Bordeaux - St-Etienne and Angers - Angouleme, are also diffused on line. The November 10th 1968, the meeting Red Star - Saint-Etienne is déprogrammée at the last minute by the ORTF. The clubs can from now on raise publicity on their shirts, but this innovation displeases on TV which refuses to diffuse meetings of sandwich men. It is the kickoff of a new period crisis between football and television in France. The March 6th 1969, signature of agreements between the FF and the ORTF under the high ranking authority of the ministry for information fixing diffusions of football games. The French televiewers will be able in particular to see 15 second periods of matches of remote D1 during the season 1969-1970. The clubs push back this agreement and following the Vittel business (the League wanted to impose a single sponsor on all the clubs) their rights recover to negotiate directly with the ORTF. The minimum price of a match of D1 is fixed at 120.000 F. the November 8th 1969, diffusion on line by the ORTF of the match of championship of D1 Lyon - Rennes in front of only 894 paying spectators. This starveling multitude signs the death warrant of the retransmissions on line matches of championship.

In September 1976, the League proposes with Antenne 2 to yield to him free the images of the summaries of matches to create a weekly magazine of football. Jean Sadoul and Jean-Claude Darmon wants surfer on the vague green one who has submerged whole France and has just reconciled with the passage television and football, in cold since the massive introduction of publicity around the stages and on the shirts. With the general surprise, Antenne 2 refuses! Robert Chapatte and Roger Couderc pushed back these proposals, specifying even that an emission which would propose goals of football would not interest anybody… One year later, the League offers the same product with TF1, which accepts, against the payment of rights of 450.000 francs. : it is the creation of Téléfoot the September 16th 1977, proposing saturdays as from 11 p.m. the summaries of the finished matches of divisions one hour earlier. It is a great success, and the price of the contract reaches already three million francs per annum in 1979. French television then gives up gradually its policy of compensation to pay from now on the spectacle football at its price like illustrates it the president Claude Bez: “It is not so a long time, football was with knees in front of television. Now, this one must yield with the rules of the game. ”

The era Canal+ (since November 1984)

According to the example of the English who diffuse starting from the October 2nd 1983 of the meetings of championship on line, France joins again with this type of diffusions the November 9th 1984. Five days after its beginnings, Canal+ diffuses the match Nantes - Monaco. A match of each day of championship from now on is diffused on the encrypted chain. It is always the case today (three matches on line of each day in fact are diffused today on Canal+). Channel pours 250.000 F by match for its 200.000 subscribers. The amount is indexed on the number of subscribers; the more Canal has subscribers, the more the matches are expensive. After having reached a maximum during its first year of existence, the number of subscriber increases the following years very quickly, making it possible the professional clubs to always release from the incomes to the rise coming from televisions. The rights for a match pass thus from 250.000 to 2 franc million in five years. Inflation also touches the Téléfoot magazine: in 1987, each number of the Sunday magazine is invoiced a million francs to TF1. Estimated in 1980 at less than 1% in the budget of the French professional football clubs, the rights TV weigh 23% in 1990.

The September 3rd 1996 is marked by the diffusion of the first day of championship of France in mode “pay per view” by a subsidiary company of Canal+. Since this date, all the matches of championship of France of D1 are diffused on line by French television. While benefitting from the installation of invitation to tender, TPS manages to break the monopoly of Canal+ by obtaining the rights to diffuse a match on line at the time of each day. The incomes TV cover in 2000 50% of the budgets of the French professional clubs. Ticketting, merchandizing and publicity generate the 50% remainders.

The invitation to tender of 2002 over the period 2004-2007 generates a conflict. Canal+ makes control on D1 by proposing a high offer (480M euros per annum), but also its anteriority. All the matches are concerned with encrypted diffusions (3 matches per day) or in pay per view (7 other matches of the day). TF1 preserves Télé Foot but loses the possibility of diffusing a match on line at the time of each day. With the general surprise, the financial amounts concerned (530M euros per annum) are in rise of 40% compared to the preceding contract (380M euros per annum). TF1 does not admit this defeat and counter-attacks. With his request, the Council of Competition suspends the contract the January 23rd 2003 then authorizes finally in August 2004 a situation of monopoly. The December 10th 2004, Canal+ removes the exclusiveness on the championship for a record amount in 600 million Euros per season on average over three seasons, that is to say a rise of 62% compared to the preceding contract. This signs the death warrant of TPS which is then absorbed by the Canal+ group.

Right TV of the championship of France of League 1 and Leagues 2 (not included rights sold abroad) ¹ On this 600 million, 430 return to the clubs of L1; others: clubs of D2 101, tax Dresser for the sport amateur 30, LFP 20, FF 12 and UNFP 7.

Clubs of the Championship of France of football Leagues 1 2007-2008

Assessment by club (1932-2007)

Titles of the professional era (1932-1939/1945-2007)

10 titles:
8 titles: ,
7 titles:
6 titles: ,
5 titles:
4 titles:
2 titles: -,
1 title: ,

Records

General records

Record of goals over one season : 1.344 at the time of the season 1946-47 (average: 3,51 per match) for a championship with 20 clubs; 1.138 at the time of the season 1948-49 (average: 3,71 per match) for a championship with 18 clubs
greater number of spectators over one season : 8.290.346 spectators in 2006-07 (20 clubs)
Better average multitude over one season : 23.154 spectators per match in 2000-01 (18 clubs)
Better multitude over one day : 278.139 spectators at the time of the 33e day in 1997-1998 (9 matches, is 30.904 of average by match)
Plus small number of goals marked at the time one day of championship : 8 goals at the time of the 32e day of the season 2006-07 (10 matches, is 0,8 goal by match)
Plus great number of yellow paperboards : 1.654 at the time of the season 2002-03
greater number of red paperboards : 131 at the time of the season 2002-03

Clubs

greater number of titles : Saint-Etienne, 10 times
greater number of consecutive titles : Lyon (2002-2007), 6 titles
greater number of points over one season (3 pts for a victory): Lyon (2005-06), 84 points
greater number of points over one season (2 pts for a victory + 1 point of no-claims bonus for 3 goals marked at the time of the match): Saint-Etienne (1973-74), 66 points, 23 victories and 9 null
Plus great number of points of variation established with the vice-champion (3 pts for a victory): Lyon (2006-2007), 17 points
greater number of points of variation established with the vice-champion (2 pts for a victory): Saint-Etienne (1967-68 and 1969-70), 11 points
greater number of points to the trève (3 pts for a victory): Lyon (2006-07), 50 points
Record of invincibility : Nantes, 32 matches without defeat (of 1st with the 32e day) at the time of the season 1994-95
Record of invincibility in residence : Nantes, 92 matches without defeat, from May 15th, 1976 to April 7th, 1981
greater number of victories over one season : 26 for Rheims (1959-60), Monaco (1960-61), Nantes (1965-66, 1979-80) for a championship with 20 clubs; 25 for Saint-Etienne (1969-70) for a championship with 18 clubs
greater number of victories in residence : 19 for Saint-Etienne (1974-75)
greater number of victories outside : 12 for Saint-Etienne (1969-70), Marseilles (1971-72), Lyon (2005-06, 2006-07)
greater number of null over one season : 20 for Bordeaux (2004-05)
More small number of defeats over one season : 1 for Nantes (1994-95)
greater number of seasons disputed in L1 : Sochaux, 59 seasons (included the season 2006-07)
greater number of seasons of sharpened in L1 : Nantes, 44 seasons, (between the season 1962-63 and 2006-07)
Better attack over one season : 118 goals: RC Paris at the time of the season 1959-60 for a championship with 20 clubs; 102 goals: Lille OSC at the time of the season 1948-49 for a championship with 18 clubs
More small number of goals boxed over one season : Marseilles, 21 goals boxed (1991-92)
Better difference in goals over one season : +63 for Rheims (1959-60) for a championship with 20 clubs; +62 for Lille OSC (1948-49) for a championship with 18 clubs
the broadest Victoire : 12-1, Sochaux - Valencian in 1935-36
greater number of expulsions for a club over one season : Bastia (1998-99), PSG (2002-03) and Lens (2003-04): 13 expulsions
greater number of matches for a trainer : Guy Roux, Auxerre and Lens (1980-2000, 2001-2005, 2007 -2008) 894 matches
Better multitude on a match : 57.714, for Marseilles - Lyon at the time of the season 1998-99.

Players

the most titrated Players : Jean-Michel Larqué and Herve Revelli of Saint-Etienne, 7 times champions (1967, 1968,1969,1970,1974,1975,1976)
consecutively the most titrated Players : Grégory Coupet, Juninho, Claudio Caçapa and Sidney Govou with the Olympic Lyonese, 6 times champions (2002, 2003,2004,2005,2006,2007)
Record of invincibility for a guard : Gaëtan Huard of the Of Gironde of Bordeaux, 1.176 minutes at the time of the season 1992-1993 (more than 13 matches)
Record of invincibility for a guard in residence : Jérémie Janot of Saint-Etienne, 1534 minutes at the time of the seasons 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 (25 hours, that is to say a little more than 17 matches)
Plus great number of matches : Jean-Luc Ettori of the ACE Monaco, 602 matches for a guard; Alain Giresse (Bordeaux and Marseilles), 586 matches for a player of field
Better striker : Delio Onnis (1972-1986), 299 goals
Better French striker : Bernard Lacombe (1970-1987), 255 goals
Better striker over one season : Josip Skoblar (Marseilles), 44 goals (1970-1971)
Better striker on a match : 7 goals, Jean Nicolas (FC Rouen), on May 1st, 1938 against the US Valencians; Andre Abegglen (FC Sochaux) the August 25th 1935 against the US Valencians
Player having marked during the greatest number of consecutive days : 13 days, Serge Masnaghetti (Valencian) in 1962-63
Player more expelled : Cyril Rool : 21 red paperboards
younger player to be taken part in a match : Laurent Paganelli of the ACE Saint-Etienne at 15 years and 10 months
younger player to carry out a Blow of the hat : Jérémy Lead FC Sochaux on January 22nd, 2005 against Bordeaux to 17 years 8 months and 15 days
Coup of the fastest hat : Matt Moussilou of the Lille OSC on April 2nd, 2005 against Istres in 5 minutes, of 13th at the 18th minute
Better striker of League 1 still in activity: Pauleta of the Paris Saint-Germain, 136 Goals during season 2007/2008
Better French striker of League 1 still in activity: Lilian Laslandes of OGC Nice, 126 Goals during season 2007/2008

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