Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault

Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault is a Commune Frenchwoman, located in the department of Maine-et-Loire and the area Pays of the Loire.

Geography

History

The commune of Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault is formed by the meeting of several communes: Chênehutte-the-Micaceous chalks and Trier-Cunault, both formed by the meeting of two villages.

History of Trier

Origin of the name

In 769, the files of Saint-Aubin call “Clementiniaeum” (undoubtedly name of a Romain or Gallo-Roman named Clément or Clémentin, owner of a Villa) the country called today Trier. Like the other villages of left bank of the the Loire, Clementiniaeum had essaimé on Right Bank and formed with this swarm only one population . Clementiniaeum of Right Bank preserved its name transformed into that of Saint-Clement, undoubtedly because the parish church which was at the same time founded there as that of the Rose trees, was, to conform to the primitive term, dedicated to holy Clément. But for a long time, Clementiniaeum of left bank had exchanged its first name against that of Trier that Célestin Port makes derive from the name Breton “tref or treb ” which wants to say Chapelle branch or young girl; what would tend to prove that the monks of Saint-Philbert come in Cunault built in Clementiniaeum a vault branch , a “tref”, from where the use would have imposed this new name.

The legend quotes another origin with this denomination. To Xe century, though depend on the pagus (country) angevin, Clementiniaeum remains subjected to the count de Blois and in particular under the domination of the castle of Saumur which extended to Genoa and where terrible Gelduin ordered, Norman chief passed with the pay of the count de Blois. Surprised one day by the unforeseen approach of an army angevine, Gelduin sent ahead of of the count Foulques Nerra to propose to him to reach agreement and truce. “Truce, is, known as the count, and I want to do it here” and took foot on the enemy ground while raising there even where he camped, to hold in support the Resident of Saumur, a strong castle which kept the name. Thus at least tells it the chronic ur, monk of Saint-Florent, almost contemporary of the history.

The castle of Trier

This first Castle-extremely was little founded before 1026 by Foulque Nerra for the catch of Saumur which, at the time, was a possession of the count de Blois. This foundation was included/understood in an overall logistic program, because it was about contemporary among that of Montreuil-Bellay. The stronghold was entrusted to the count de Sablé, Herbert the Razor, which was used Foulques in its war as Touraine.

The fortress was taken by the count Foulques Réchin in 1068, was destroyed by its order and was rebuilt by its care about 1091. Meanwhile, the market and the port which existed in Trier were transported to Cunault. But in 1091, market and port were restored in Trier. Before the events of 1068, the church did not have its current site between the castle and the Loire. According to the cartulaire of Saint-Aubin of Angers, it was in the castle. The stronghold is given to Geoffroy Fulcrade, knight, who was made then monk with Saint-Florent, and whose son increased considerably the borough where it founded both Prieuré S.

In 1147, the lord of Trier east Renaud the Russet-red one, which leaves to the crusade with Louis VII and its suzerain direct, Aliénor of Aquitaine.

In 1206, the castle of Trier victoriously supports an attack of the army of Jean without Ground. Lastly, owners as owners quoted by Célestin Port the castle becomes the property of the Chancelier of France, Robert the Mason, in 1416 per purchase.

In recognition and reward of the services above announced and noted in its Letters patent of November 7th, 1420, the Dauphin confirms in Lemaçon all the former rights of the baronnie, adds those of “tribute and Péage on each pipe of wine passing the aforementioned river of the Loire while descending or while going up by battel or batteaux in front of the aforementioned chastel of Trier or crossing by cartage the aforementioned chatellery the sum of 10 sums of money; on each muid of wine, 5 sums of money, in the same way a Minot of salt on each Muid of salt”.

In 1424, the Dolphin become king granted moreover to his chancellor, in addition to the three old fairs which were held in the borough with the Saint-Luc, with the Saint-Matthieu, with the Holy-Catherine, 3 new fairs to hold Tuesday after the Ascension and the Saint-Jean-Baptist, with markets and assemblies every Tuesday, which was transferred to Cunaud as well as the fairs in December 1762.

In 1435, these royal privileges which enriched the country (undoubtedly at the expense of the old markets of Genoa) and which especially brought back to the lord beautiful rights of prévôté, allowed the Lemaçon chancellor to undertake and complete the rebuilding of its manor and especially of the principal keep. The borough which it sheltered had become a true center of activity. Its fairs, its tolls, its port, the importance of its lords attracted populations of any kind there and with them also more than one misery. It existed there, towards XIVe century, House-God and a chaplaincy, and when Lemaçon died, it there “had just established a maladrery for misers, because it occurred there poor sick people of icelle disease”.

The tomb of Lemaçon still exists in the church of Trier with its statue.

In 1616, Pierre of Laval captain of 50 men-at-arms and baron de Lezay, and the castle of Lemaçon embellishes again increases.

With the two bodies distinct and old of the home, Pierre of Laval makes add a new house of dwelling served by a large garden in terrace. In front of the Drawbridge, still at the XVIIe century a mound (monticule) rose known as the mound of Monsoreau which had undoubtedly carried the primitive manor and which, remained naked and empty until XVIe century, was then charged with a main building leant with the rebuilt vault. Towards the east was another mound, known as Barbacane (fortification in front of the drawbridge). Towards the river and in front of the tower that only one separated some second garden low planted in orchard, of the Markets placed the merchants come to the fairs and the butchers retailers. With the top of the markets the audience was held where the Sénéchal returned every fifteen days justice for the tenants of 17 parishes. All auprès, in the valley, towards the slope, formerly extended two ponds of which only one was still preserved at the XVIIe century. This one fed through the garden by a stone channel of size a Communal mill that there Lemaçon had built and where the lord took twentieth corn brought. On one of the four small islands of the Loire dependant on the field the pillars of justice were planted. The lord had the right to take on the fishermen first salmon taken. He gave five pennies to which brought it to him. On the other hand, the other fishermen not having of salmon paid in currency with the lord the surplus of five pennies which them first salmon taken could be worth. In more each net had with castle one harms of work. The Shrove Tuesday of each year, close to the terminal which separated the stronghold from the baronnie and that of the priory of Cunaud, one saw coming the cook and the baker from the prior, one “garny of its lardouère”, the other “garny of its bolter” with their assistances carrying an ox coin of a square foot, three pints of wine in a barrel and a round loaf. The lord of Trier was there, and with him, undoubtedly, of the poor to benefit from it.

The Marshal of France, With a grid of Brezé, utilized the high influence of the cardinal of Richelieu, his/her brother-in-law, to force the refusal persistent of Hilaire of Laval. The cardinal minister, in his own name, by act of March 8th, 1642, became purchaser, realizing 200 000 pounds of which 114 000 were already claimed by the creditors, and transmitted the 16 baronnie to the marshal from which the only daughter Claire-Clemence of With a grid came to marry the Grand Cop.

Hardly entered in possession, the marshal of With a grid, to prevent Hilaire of Laval from profiting from the privilege of Withdrawal lignager which made it possible a seigneuriale family to recover her sold field, realizing restitution of the paid price, hastened to demolish most of work of Pierre of Laval and to give up the remainder with the destruction of time, so that a few years after Rigaud, manager of the castles of Trier and Milly for the account of Miss de Clermont, girl of the Large Cop and Claire-Clemence, wrote to him in a report/ratio that the dwellings were in ruin and that immense work would be necessary to make them livable.

Owed homage to Trier:

the stronghold of Harielle, had by Mr. de Joreau.
the stronghold of the Pond of Genoa, had by Mr. de Rochefort.
the stronghold of Gennevraie, had by Mr. Buvau.
the stronghold of the Saar, had by Mr. de Neuville.
the stronghold of Lignières in the Saar, had by Mr. de Maurepas.

The stronghold of Lignières in the Saar could have been well the manor located at Bouchette close to the Cahu house.

In connection with the revenues due to Trier, Rigault, on the basis of the principle which the lifting of the Loire is built on the true bottom of the baronnie, of the related revenues are due for him on two banks, since Pocé, in the parish of Distré, to Coutures.

In 1747 per exchange of March 23rd, the ground of Trier passed from the family of the Cop to the count Louis César d' Estrées and to the marshal Adrien Maurice de Noailles who four days after made of it transfer for the sum of 510 000 pounds with Jean de Stapleton, Irish lord, one of the companions of king Jacques, with the châtellenies of Milly, Pocé, Villeneuve-Maillard, Sourches, Mardron, the Tower Ménives, all those of Genoa which we have just enumerated higher. It is in favor of this newcomer that Louis XV, by letters of August 23rd, 1747, set up the baronnie in county, by adding to the seigniories above named the grounds of Laillou, Baucheron, Virollais, Saugré, Mimerolle, the Aménard Walnut trees and Laleau. Since 1750, it makes cut down the castle of Trier, by preserving only the Donjon. An immense monumental staircase gives access to it. The interior staircase serves various arched, naked and deserted rooms. Kitchens occupy the base; low still are the prisons.

The field of Clementiniaeum had been originally given by kings Pépin and Charlemagne to the abbey of Saint-Aubin of Angers which made a parish of it. The monks of this abbey established two priories: that of Saint-Aubin and that of Saint-Macé, each one with their vault. People of Trier owed with their lord only the military service, under the orders of an agent of the abbey, on behalf of the barons. They were free from all the other feudal royalties.

Administration

Demography

source: http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/psdc.htm (Population without double accounts).

Places and monuments

Keep of XVe

In 1106, Geoffroy Foulcrade, seneshal of Réchin and new main of the castle, made gift of grounds with Saint-Aubin of Angers for the construction of the priory and give the date of 1106 like highest for the beginning of the construction of the church.

Church of Truces

Geography: The small church of Trier (XIe - XIIe centuries) is drawn up with the foot of the keep History: The vault was built in 1106. One adds a bell-tower to XIIIe century. In XVe century, the side walls are reinforced and the covered nave of a beautiful cradle out of frame. The parish of Trier is removed in 1809 and joined together with that of Cunault. Given up and in bad condition, the church is restored in the middle of the XIXe century by Monseigneur Maupoint, originating in Chênehutte.

The interior of the church, stripped, kept its primitive aspect. The walls of the single nave are decorated with large arcades with broken clotheshanger resting on columns. With transept crossing, a beautiful vault on trompe* starts a surmounted square tower of a roof in house. The base of the bell-tower, vis-a-vis the entry, on the right, is decorated of a large arc semicircular arch with the manner poitevine, thus attenuating the austerity of the wall. One will notice a Baptistère out of porphyry decorated with four projecting masks, including one with human figure with a beard cut in square with the Roman. Close to crossing, observe old the Tabernacle, pretty white stone lantern of style blazing of the end of XVe century. At the bottom of the right transept, under an arcade is the tomb with epitaph and lying of Robert Mazcon, lord of Trier and chancellor of the king Charles VII, who died on January 2nd, 1443.

Outside, the frontage, very simple, is decorated of three arcs between two buttresses of angle. Under the central arcade, the door in semicircular arch is decorated with small teeth of saw. Along the walls large arcades in broken clotheshanger present which seem to be opened in XIIIe century to perhaps give access to large side galleries destroyed today. One can still see the trace of the small windows of XIe century, those which one sees date from the XIXe century. The bell-tower-turn sober and massive, is crowned of micaceous chalk a stone arrow of XVe century confined of four skylights.

Horn: small vault, generally built in a re-entrant angle, formant support under a section of wall and allowing a change of plan.

Personalities related to the commune

Norbertus L.M. van den BOSCH (1965)

Immigrant of the Netherlands Inhabitant of the village of Cunault since 1996 Member of the Musical Hours of Cunault (HMC) President of the CALL of Genoa Large amateur of the Loire, Ligérien architecture and of the regional wine

See too

Common of Maine-et-Loire

External bonds

Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault on the site of the national geographical Institute
Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault on the site of INSEE
Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault on the site of Quid
Localization of Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Chênehutte-Trier-Cunault on Mapquest

Sources

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