Châlons-in-champagne

Named Châlons-sur-Marne of the end of the 18th century at 1995 and April in December 1997, Châlons-in-Champagne is a common French, located in the department of the Marne and the area Champagne-Ardenne. Although Rheims, in the same department, is populated much, Châlons is the prefecture of the department and the area. Its inhabitants is called Châlonnais.

Currency

“ And Decus and Robur ” meaning “Glory and Force”.

Geography

The city is located on the Marne.

It does not owe its administrative importance with its population, because it is four times less populated than Rheims. In the area Champagne-Ardenne, Troyes and Charleville-Mézières than they are populated also. It is the prefecture only for ideological reasons inherited the Revolution, and will of the revolutionists to erase the historical importance of the town of Rheims (symbol of French monarchy), kings of France being made crown in the cathedral of Rheims since the sacring of Clovis into 487 per Remy Saint.

Transport

The town of Châlons-in-Champagne is easily connected to the remainder of the country by the trains of the SNCF: Paris with 1:35 in FOR THE THIRD TIME and 1:03 in the TGV. It also has an international airport, that of Paris-Vatry. For urban displacements, DRUNK network SITAC (Kéolis Group) functions of the Monday to Saturday and is composed of 8 lines of day and 4 lines of evening Fridays and Saturdays only:

  • line 1: Fagnières (Beautiful Glances) - Western Center - Cross Dampierre

  • line 2: Retail park Héry Mount - Town hall of Saint-Memmie - Cross Dampierre
  • line 3: Saint-Pierre valley - Cross Jean Robert/Skating rink
  • line 4: Fagnières (Beautiful Glances) - Mount of Suippes - Complex Agricultural
  • line 5: Retail park Héry Mount - Héry Mount - Sarry (Terrières)
  • line 6: Place Monseigneur Tissier - ZI Saint Martin's day
  • line 7: Town hall of Compertrix - College Heel - Town hall of Recy
  • line 8: Place Monseigneur Tissier - Grevières

  • line a: Skating rink - Sarry (Terrières)

  • line b: Skating rink - Valley Saint-Pierre
  • line C: Skating rink - Town hall of Recy
  • line D: Skating rink - Fagnières (Beautiful Glances)

History

The existence of the city is attested at least since the Gallo-Roman time; Châlons was a town of importance under the Ancien Mode, like sits of généralité.
Napoleon III went to Châlons-sur-Marne during the Franco-German Guerre of 1870 with an aim of organizing the general retirement of the French Army. Only the Armée with Alsace ordered by the general Mac Mahon managed to rejoin the city the August 16th 1870. The Armed with Lorraine, under the orders of the general Bazaine, was indeed taken with the trap in Metz after many battles in its surroundings.

The name of old the Durocatalaunum (or Catalaunum ) Gallo-Roman is francized with the Moyen-âge in Chaalons in Champaigne then, after the invention of the circumflex accent, in Champagne Châlons. Little by little, under the influence of the geographers and the Parisian living rooms, the toponym " on Marne" replaces that of " in Champagne" on the charts. During all the 18th century and until the beginning of the 19th century, two names cohabit. Contrary to an generally accepted idea, it is not the Révolution who changed the toponym " in Champagne" in " on Marne". As from the years 1980, a current fort takes shape to return to the city its historical toponym which it finds definitively on December 29th, 1997. The name change, decided first once in 1995, had been cancelled by the Council of State on April 4th 1997 for defect of procedure, before being restored the following year. More: http://www.catalaunien.fr

See also: List of the bishops of Châlons (out of Champagne)

Administration

Successive mayors:

  • Philippe, mayor of Châlons († 1869).
  • Alexandre Godart (1786-1856), mayor of 1834 to 1837 and 1844 to 1854
  • Joseph Perrier (1795-1870).
  • Eugene Perrier (1810-1879).

The Communauté of agglomeration (Quoted out of Champagne) gathers twelve communes: Châlons-in-Champagne , Compertrix, Coolus, Fagnières, the Spine, Moncetz-Longevas, Recy, Saint-Etienne-with-Temple, Saint-Gibrien, Saint-Martin-sur-le-Pré, Saint-Memmie and Sarry.

Châlons-in-champagne is the chief town of four cantons:

Demography

Economy

Châlons-in-champagne is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and Châlons-in-Champagne industry. It manages the river ports of Châlons-in-Champagne and Vitry-le-François, the IPI.

It is also the seat of the Regional court of trade and Champagne-Ardenne industry.

Places and monuments

Châlons-in-Champagne is classified Ville of Art and History.

Civil buildings

Built in 1771 in the fields of the architect Nicolas Durand, it is an elegant building of traditional style.
  • Door Holy-Cross
Also called Dauphine Door. It was set up in 1769, in the honor of Marie Antoinette, at the time of her arrival in France for its marriage with the Dolphin, the future king Louis XVI.

  • Circus

It is one of the five buildings of this type remaining in France; it was built in 1899. It shelters the National center of arts of the circus, single establishment of public education of this nature in Europe, and which includes/understands the University of arts of the circus, an information center and a pole of professional training. Exempted into promotions of a score of pupils, teaching integrates all the disciplines of the live performance, while being articulated around three major axes: artistic, technical conscience of the circus and capacity of creation.

  • Museum Schiller - Goethe

  • Museum Garinet
  • Castle Jacquesson

Religious buildings

Collegial Our-Lady-in-Be worth

Registered with the world heritage of UNESCO within the framework of the Ways of Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle in France, Our-Lady-in-Be worth was a Collégiale, i.e. it sheltered a community of Chanoines.
The current church was started before 1157, to replace a former building which had collapsed. Its rebuilding was completed in 1217. Started in style " of transition" (intermediary between the Romance and the Gothic ), it was finished in Gothic.
One finds there a beautiful bedside with Gothic Abside flanked of two Romance towers (influence of the cathedral of Toul), but also admirable canopies of the 16th century. It is there also one of largest the Carillon S of Europe, composed of 56 bells and dating from the 19th century.

Until the Revolution, which mutilated its southern gate of Renaissance style, it had 4 arrows (even 5 if one counts small transept crossing). 3 were shaven with the Revolution to recover their lead with fine soldiers; one was rebuilt as from 1852 by the abbot Champenois, the two others always wait to be it. With the Middle Ages, it had a worthy relic which attracted many pilgrims and made his glory: the relic of the saint-Navel of the Christ, destroyed in 1707 by the bishop of Châlons (more: to see " while waiting for Saint-Nombril" in " The unknown factor of large the bazar" http://www.catalaunien.fr).

Saint-Etienne cathedral

See also: Cathedral Saint-Etienne de Châlons

The monument present of the Romance parts of the 12th century (Crypte, turn of the Northern arm whose ground floor shelters a rare Romance canopy) but was rebuilt in style radiant Gothique. The Apse, the Transept and three spans of the Nef were completed in 1261. The radiant Vault S and the Déambulatoire were added between 1280 and 1310. The Nef was continued at the end of the 15th century and at the beginning of the 16th century. Between 1628 and 1634, one raised the Western frontage (in style Baroque) and the two close spans. However, the primitive design of the Nef was preserved through the centuries by the successive manufacturers, who wanted to preserve his unit to him. The building preserved a remarkable ornament of stained glasses. In the southern sides is an interesting series of stained glasses of the end of the 15th century and beginning of the 16th century. Those of the other side were done at the 19th century in the taste of the 13th century. Those of the arms of the Transept southern date from the 20th century. Very many tombstones engraved of the 13th century at the 17th century are encrusted in paving or are raised along the walls. They are characterized by a great elegance of the drawing.

Church Saint-Alpine

The church is placed under the term of saint Alpin, bishop of Châlons at the beginning of the 5th century. It existed already at the 9th century and was rebuilt about 1170 in a Gothic style still marked by the Romance style . From this time, there remains the Nef - 6 spans whose Arcade S richly profiled rest alternatively on strong piles and weak piles - and the collateral ones. About 1230, one undertook to renovate the building by arching the Nef and the collateral ones, without modifying interior rise. Later, the Transept and its northern Croisillon were altered. It is at the beginning of the 15th century that one built new a polygonal chorus , surrounded by a Déambulatoire deprived of Chapelle S radiant, but bored large windows that rich person givers relative splendid coloured canopies. One added over the entire length of the southern side a series of vaults which preserve a remarkable whole of stained glasses in Grisaille. The canopies of the déambulatoire, installation between 1515 and approximately 1522, often juxtapose small scenes, with the bright coloured range, where inscriptions placed in decorative streamers appear.

Church Saint-Jean-Baptist

The church Saint-Jean-Baptist is extremely interesting because, having been built 11th century at the 17th century, it makes it possible to follow, without interruption, the evolution of the architecture of the Romanesque art until the art of the Rebirth. The construction of the nave and the sides appears to go back to the last quarter of the 11th century. Starting from the transept, we enter the art of warhead, with the vaults on intersecting ribs. The walls are replaced by broad windows. The current bedside dates from the 13th century. About 1500, the principal rafters built a vault dedicated to Saint Sebastien their owner (current vault of the Baptismal font). In 1603, a tower high with the top of was transept crossing and it was necessary to consolidate the piles. In 1671, the sides were altered and covered with flattened ribbed vaults. Strongly devastated by the wars of the Revolution and the Empire, the church Saint Jean-Baptiste was restored thanks to the generosity of its parishioners especially during second half of the 19th century. Its stained glasses go back to this time.

Personalities related to the commune

; Châlonnais famous:
  • Claude Chastillon (1559, Châlon-in-Champagne - 1616, Châlons-in-Champagne): architect, Topographer of king de France, Henri IV;
  • Jean Heel (1625, Châlons-in-Champagne - 1694, Châlons-in-Champagne): First administrator of Quebec;
  • Robert Bunon (1702, Châlons-in-Champagne -1748, Paris), dentist of Mesdames and the House of the Children of the king.
  • Pierre Bayen (1725, Châlons-in-Champagne -1798, Paris): chemist, discoverer of the Oxygen and pharmacist, first pharmacist of the armies who had Parmentier like assistant;
  • Nicolas Appert (1749, Châlons-in-Champagne - 1841, Massy): inventor of canning, conservation of the vacuum foodstuffs;
  • Jean Louis Xavier Dorin (1789, Triaucourt - 1882, Châlons-sur-Marne): naturalist;
  • Pierre Lighter (1796, Châlons-in-Champagne - 1881, Paris): member of the Academy of medicine;
  • Adolphe Jacquesson (1800, Châlons-sur-Marne - 1876): inventor of the muselet being used to fix the stopper on the bottle of Champagne;
  • Amédée Varin (1818, Châlons-sur-Marne - 1883, Crouttes): engraver;
  • Etienne Oehmichen (1884, Châlons-sur-Marne - 1955): inventor of an apparatus with revolving aerofoil which was the precursor of the Hélicoptère;
  • Pierre Dac (1893, Châlons-sur-Marne - 1975, Paris): Humoriste;
  • Jean Cabut known as Cabu (1938, Châlons-sur-Marne -): draftsman of press and cartoons;
  • Maurice Fox (1875, Châlons-sur-Marne - 1939, Rochefort): novelist;
  • Adolphe Willette;
  • Jacques Massu (May 5th, 1908, Châlons-sur-Marne - October 26th, 2002, Conflans-on-Loing): general;
  • Xavier Bertrand;
  • Claude Francois, monk récollet and painter, in religion: Brother Luc (1615, Amiens - 1685);
  • Jean Valnet (June 27th, 1920, Châlons-sur-Marne - May 29th, 1995?) : Doctor having written much on the Phytotherapy and Aromathérapie, writer.

NB: Châlons-in-champagne or Châlons-sur-Marne: to herebefore see history of the toponym of the city.

More: to see " Of Châlonnais famous, famous and mémorables" biography of Jean-Paul Barber of 482 Châlonnais of birth or adoption and the heading " Châlonnais célèbres" on http://www.catalaunien.fr.

; Other personalities:

Twinnings

  • , to see
  • , to see

Cultural activities

  • F' Estival of the Musics from here and besides (Each year in July and August) - Official site
  • Festival Furies (Each year in June) - Conservatory Official site
  • of music approved and dance.
  • Choral societies (O' kolo)

Media

Radio
  • Rcf the spine
  • Mau-Nau
Written press

See too

External bonds

  • Town hall of Châlons-in-Champagne
  • feudal Châlons-in-Champagne currencies
  • Châlons-in-Champagne on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Châlons-in-Champagne on the site of INSEE
  • Châlons-in-Champagne on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Châlons-in-Champagne on a chart of France and communes bordering Châlons-in-Champagne
  • Plane on Mapquest

Random links:The Large-Mound | Wineckerthal | Jeunism | Case | National ESPN Night Hockey | 334