Cetshwayo kaMpande

Cetshwayo kaMpande (towards 1826 - February 8th, 1884) is the king of the nation Zoulou E of 1872 with 1879. Its name is written Cetawayo , Cetewayo , Cetywajo and Ketchwayo .

Cetshwayo is the son of the Zulu king Mpande, itself half-brother of the king Chaka. In 1856, it demolishes and kills his/her young brother Mbuyazi, favorite of Mpande, and becomes the effective chief of the Zulu nation. However, it does not reach yet the throne always occupied by his father.

Mpande dies in 1872 and Cetshwayo becomes king on September 1st.

As it is the habit at the Zulus, it creates a new capital which it calls Ulundi (the great place). It reinforces its Impi (armed), reintroducing in particular methods recommended by Chaka and fallen in disuse, and modernizes it by equipping it with rifles. He banishes the European missionaries and probably encourages the other African people to raise against the boers Transvaal.

In 1878, Sir Henry Bartle Brother, British administrator of the South Africa, which nourishes the project to subject the Zulu country to the British authority, requires repairs following frontier incidents and requires the dismantling of the Zulu army. The refusal of Cetshwayo led to the anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Notwithstanding some severe defeats, as the Battle of Isandlwana, the British gain the victory. After the catch and the fire of Ulundi the July 4th, Cetshwayo is deposited by the winners and is exiled with London.

In 1882, a civil war opposes the partisans of Cetshwayo and those of three rival chiefs, of which UZibhebhu. In 1882, to try to calm the tensions, the British bring back Cetshwayo to Africa de Sud and try to restore it on the throne. UZibhebhu is opposed to this restoration and with the assistance of riders boers mercenaries, it attacks new the Kraal of Cetshwayo with Ulundi the July 22nd 1883. Wounded, Cetshwayo manages to escape and finds refuge in the forest of Nkandla, then it is placed under British protection, and is authorized to probably reside at Eshowe, where it dies a few months later, of an heart attack, though rumors of poisoning were propagated. His/her son Dinizulu, heir to the throne, is proclaimed king the May 20th 1884, with the support of other mercenaries boers.

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