Ceratopogonidae

The Ceratopogonidae ( Cératopogonidé ) are a family of Insecte about the Diptères.

These Insecte S, which is smallest of the dipterous stitchers, carries much nicknames in English ( punkies , No-see-ums , sand-flies ). The victim seldom realizes of its presence before it began its blood meal . Its puncture which gives a feeling of burn deserved to be called “scathing attack” to him to the Canada French.

Subfamilies:

Forcipomyiinae
Dasyheleinae
Ceratopogoninae
Leptoconopinae

Ceratopogonidae , but biting midges (but, in the United States, No-see-ums , Sand flies , punkies , and others), are has family off small flies (1-4 mm long) in the order Diptera. They are closely related to the Chironomidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. They are found in almost any aquatic gold semiaquatic habitat throughout the world. Females off most Species are adapted to suck Blood from animal nap kind off host. Culicoides , Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) , and Leptoconops suck Vertebrate Blood. Summon Atrichopogon and Forcipomyia are Ectoparasite S one larger insects. Dasyhelea feed exclusively one nectar. Species in other generated are Predator there one other small insects. Larvae are always found in nap damp hiring, such ace under Bark, in rotten Wood, Compost, mud, stream margins, Tree holes, but toilet-holding seedlings (i.e., Phytotelmata). Many off the Blood-sucking Species, but those that feed via Hematophagy, are pests in Beach gold Mountain habitats. Other Species important are Pollinators off tropical crops such ace Cocoa. The Blood-sucking Species may Be vectors off Disease - causing Viruses, Protozoa, and Filarial worms.

Refer

Blanton, F.S. and W.W. Wirth. 1979. The sand flies ( Culicoides ) off Florida (Ceratopogonidae). Arthropods off Florida and Neighboring Land Areas Volume 10. Florida Department off Agriculture and To consume Services.
Borkent, A. and W.W. Wirth. 1997. World species off biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin off the American Museum off Natural History 233:1 - 257.
Clastrier, J. and W.W. Wirth. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department off Agriculture Technical Bulletin Number 1573.
Downes, J.A. and W.W. Wirth. 1981. Chapter 28: Ceratopogonidae. Pp. 393-421. In : McAlpine, J.F., B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. Vockeroth, and D.M. Wood. Manual off Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Agriculture Canada Monograph 27.
Mullen, G.R. and L.J. Hribar. 1988. Biology and feeding behavior off ceratopogonid larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America. Bulletin off the Society for Vector Ecology 13:60 - 81.
Wirth, W.W and F.S. Blanton. 1974. The West Indian sandflies off the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department off Agriculture Technical Bulletin Number 1474.
Wirth, W.W and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 1988. The Predaceous Midges off the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook Number 4. E.J. Brill Publishers, Leiden. xv + 160 pp.
Wirth, W.W., N.C. Ratanaworabhan, and D.H. Messersmith. 1977. Natural history off Plummers Island, Maryland. XXII. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 1. Introduction and key to generated. Proceedings off the Biological Society off Washington, 90 (3): 615-647.

External links

Family key and images
Ceratopogonidae page At Agriculture Canada
Inbio Site

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Description

The family of the cératopogonides is, of much, largest and the least known of the families of Moustique S hematophagi. However, except for some species of Leptoconops, these species of cératopogonides, which attack with the human beings and the Bétail in Canada, belong all to the kind Culicoides . There exists more than 50 species of this kind in Canada, and the majority of them nourish blood of Mammifère S or of Oiseau X, although some attack exclusively the Reptile S or with the Amphibien S. the other members of the kind have atrophied oral parts and undoubtedly do not have a blood meal. In addition to Culicoides , there exist many other kinds of Cératopogonides in including Canada of the hundreds of species which, in the majority of the cases, were perhaps not identified yet. These insects live in all the areas of the country, even on the Arctic islands. Certain members of the kind Forcipomyia almost suck the blood of the insects of bigger size (like ectoparasites), either directly of the alive insects, or carcasses trapped in the fabrics of Araignée S; they succeed in one way or another, not to be made capture. Some species D Atrichopogon suck the contents of the grains of Pollen. The majority of other Cératopogonides Femelle S are predatory insects which nourish even the their similar ones; they capture their preys with the flight and avalent even the male after the coupling. As in the case of the mosquitos and of the black flies, only the females feed from blood as well as nectar and other sweetened secretions; the males nourish these last exclusively.

The Larve S of Cératopogonides are tiny, and it is difficult to locate them or to study them, although they are present in a vast range of wet habitats, usually in the middle of a vegetation in decomposition. The larvae nourish vegetable matters like the algae, the Champignon S or the Spore S of mushroom or they are carnivorous. The carnivorous insects have a pointed head, of which they are used for to penetrate inside the larvae of insects of bigger size. The herbivores choose terrestrial wet habitats in general, like the interior of the bark of the dead trees. The carnivores are watery or terricoles insects. The larvae of Leptoconops , whose dietary habits remain unknown, were located with several centimetres of depth in the sand beaches.

The larvae of Cératopogonides spin neither cocoon nor Soie, and even transform themselves into pupes in their larval lodging or close to this one. The pupes of the watery species can be let float to surface, but cannot swim; the pupes which changed under the bark of a tree cover their last larval envelope often partially.

Harmful species

Even if the species of scathing attacks abound in Canada, little of them, relatively speaking, are harmful. In the northern forest, particularly in the east of Quebec and the provinces of the Atlantic, the presence of Culicoides sanguisuga and other species make the camp-site intolerable in the timbered areas at the end of June and in July. In the Maritime ones, in the vicinity of the coastal salted marshes, Culicoides furens can be abundant, without being as harmful as more in the south in the United States. Culicoides occidentalis would be the principal vector of the virus at the origin of the disease to virus “blue-tongue” which assigns the cattle to the center of the Colombia-British.

Source

Agriculture and Agroalimentaire Canada

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