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Biography

Childhood

Victor Horta was born with Ghent in 1861. His/her father was a meticulous person Cordonnier. He transmitted the love of work to him well fait.
It has reports/ratios more conflict with its mother, he does not appreciate excesses of authority of which it makes proof, inter alia by repeating systematically that he should study the right or the médecine.
The Victor young person has a character out of the commun run. He does not like the authority . As well its relationship with his/her mother as with its schools (of which it is made regularly return) make the proof of it. He has already a rebellious spirit; he quickly calls into question the parties taken, dream of innovations, swims with counter-current of the modes. He has artistic fiber clearly… But especially musical (just like his/her father). He dreamed to become violonist.

The catch

It would be at 12 years, by helping his/her uncle contractor on a building site, which it for the first time would have been attracted by art to build. His/her parents, vis-a-vis the report which them son would only make a success of little probably his studies with the college Gantois (as well because of its references as of its results), send it in an architect decorator of interior, Jules Dubuysson, inhabitant Montmartre with Paris.
However at that time Paris is the cradle of the modern world . The first impressionist painters and pointillists expose their works to it. It go right in the middle of Victor Horta. It notes the remarkable correlation between the evolution of painting and the Architecture of the time. These two arts left a heavy phase of Classicisme which had made that the same styles returned constantly, that nothing evolved/moved. He wanted to be with architecture what Vincent Van Gogh had been with painting, the emancipator of the eternal traditional rules.

Studies

With Paris, the future architect studies the traditional buildings and their materials. Nevertheless, most important is that it comes into contact, thanks to its Master, with new materials that certain decorators used, like steel or of the more advanced glassmaking. It also understands there that the great fame is acquired only by drawing large public buildings.

When his/her father dies in 1880, he hastens to turn over in Belgium. He settles in Brussels, is registered with the academy of the fine arts, which he will leave with a gold medal, and marries a friend of childhood, Pauline Heyse. She will give him two girls, whose first, Marguerite, die in one year.

Its life with the academy

Victor Horta become acquainted there with Paul Hankar. They bind friendship, not guessing that their common admiration for the Art nouveau would make large competitors of them. Victor Horta was a pupil exceptionally shining and draws the attention of many of his professors. One will retain among them especially Alphonse Balat, the architect of the king. He takes his favorite pupil as assistant. Together they draw the royal Serres of Laeken, where the elements are again combined that Horta admires more: plays of Light, the Glassmaking and the Steel. Horta will take again the cabinet of Alphonse Balat with his death, in 1895. Of its mentor, it will retain especially the love of the perfect detail, studied on a case-by-case basis. But it will be detached, however, of the traditional tradition of the Academy to which Alphonse Balat had remained attached all his life.

The architect

Once their broken alliance, it undertakes the construction (in 1885) of three joint houses street of the Twelve Rooms (Twaalfkameren) with Ghent, to have all the same its name engraved some share, not to bury its future career right now.

Having for objective clear and marked not to be satisfied of an easy success, he refuses during eight years any other residential project. He takes part in public contests, builds small constructions sheltering of the statues, even tombs and other small monuments. He polishes his art thus, develops his own sensitivity. He discovers the curves gradually, refuses right vertical lines. It is necessary to pay attention so that one of said, of his curves. He irritated himself extremely when one said of it that they resulted magnificiently from the spirit of an enlightened original. For him, they are not more than the result of a reflection completely posed that of a purely artistic desire. They amplify the impression of space, guide the glance, support constructions as well as possible. They are not simply “beautiful”.

For this long period of training, it is made known new Bourgeois of Brussels. The professors of university (it will become it in 1912), the scientists belong to his circle of knowledge. It enters the masonic and humanistic cabin thus, “the friends philantropes”. All the elements are joined together to initiate a splendid career. Its spirit is ripe and in the air of time, he attends the leaders of the social changes of the time. As soon as he says himself ready to start the construction of residential residences, orders tributary. It is in 1892 that it carries out the Maison Autrique, enthralling work of transition, then the Hôtel Tassel, the first of long series of private mansions as inventive as refined. It is thus one of the first architects to make Art nouveau, roughly at the same time as Guimard. It is in 1902, qu ' it becomes acquainted with Gustave Malbert, of which the weather will be its pupil thereafter. One speaks then about him in all the specialized magazines of Europe.
To live of Horta is a sign of statute, opening and especially of richness. Obviously, considering the frantic rate to which he works, the needs for the middle-class rich person of Brussels are rather quickly satisfied, especially that he is competed with by Henry van of Velde and Paul Hankar, two other driving architects with him for the revival for the Belgian modern architecture. He then more and more undertook the realization of public places and stores.

He spends then two years (1916 - 1918) to the the United States where he discovers new construction materials, while being diverted movement Art nouveau. Thus it builds the Palais of the Art schools with an esthetics much more cubist.

In 1927, it becomes for four years the director of the academy of the fine arts of Brussels.

In 1932, the king Albert Ier confers the title of baron to him.

When the Art nouveau had passed from mode, much of the buildings of Horta were destroyed, but its preceding house (which it had designed in 1898) became the Musée Horta.

Some works

has Brussels :

the Hotel Tassel - 6 rue Paul-Emilie Janson (1892 - 1893);
the House Autrique - 266 roadway of Haecht (1893);
the Hotel Winssinger - 66, rue de l'Hôtel des Monnaies (1894);
the workshop of Godefroid Devreese - 71, rue des Ailes (1894 transformed);
the Hotel Deprez-Van de Velde - 3 avenue Palmerston and 14 rue Boduognat (1896);
the Hotel van Eetvelde - 2 and 4 avenue Palmerston (1895 - 1897);
the kindergarten, 40 rue Saint-Ghislain (1895 - 1899);
the House of the People, (1896 - 1899 destroyed);
the house of human Passions (1899), Park of the Fiftieth anniversary, sheltering a low-relief of Jef Scraps;
the Hotel Solvay - 224 avenue Louise, (1895 - 1900);
the personal house and the workshop - 23-25, rue Américaine (1898 - 1902);
the Hotel Aubecq, which occurred Louise (1899 - 1903, disappeared);
the house of the sculptor Braecke - 31 rue de l'Abdication (1901-1903);
the dwelling and the workshop of Fernand Dubois - 80, avenue Brugmann (1901-1903);
With the innovation, New street (1901 -1903; set fire to in 1967);
the Large bazaar Anspach, boulevard Anspach (1903);
the Hotel Clippings;
the Hotel max Hallet - 346 avenue Louise (1904);
Old stores Waucquez, currently Belgian Center of the cartoon - 20-21, rue des Sables (1903-1906);
the Stores Wolfers brothers - 11-13, rue d'Arenberg (1909);
the Hospital Brugmann (1906-1923);
the Palate of the Art schools of Brussels - street Ravenstein (1922 - 1928);
the Central station (Brussels) - Cantersteen (1947-1952).

has Turned

the Museum of the Art schools of Tournai, 1903 - 1920.

Sites registered by UNESCO

Hotel Tassel (1893)
Hotel Solvay (1894) -
Hotel van Eetvelde (1898) (Currently a museum) -
House Horta (1911) (Currently Horta Museum)

Museums

The notoriety of the architect makes that two of its most known creations of Brussels are from now on museums:

the Museum Horta: the old personal house and workshop of the architect are opened with the public. Official site
the Autrique house: one of the first creations of Victor Horta, also opened with the public, with settings in interior scenes. Official site

External bonds

list of bonds
One of creations: Museum of the fine arts of Brussels
the personal house of Horta American Street to Saint Descriptive Gilles
UNESCO

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