Centro de Bell

Trillium is a kind of Plante S, the trilles , Monocotylédone S of the family of the Liliaceae according to the traditional Classification, or of the Melanthiaceae according to the phylogenetic classification.

Perhaps the name “ Trillium ”, given by Carl von Linné would come from Swedish “trilling”, triplet. The various parts of the plants are indeed ternary: a single verticil of three generally sessile sheets, a solitary Fleur with three green sepals and three petals coloured, six welded cheesecloth S and three carpelles. The Fruit is a capsule with three cabins. The trilles are hardy perennials with rhizome.

The flowers which appear in spring have a more or less pronounced odor, often fruity or spiced. Some, like Trillium flexipes and Trillium albidum , have a scented odor, others have an unpleasant odor: Trillium erectum and Trillium underwoodii , even putrid: Trillium foetidissimum , Trillium ludovicianum and Trillium stamineum .

The kind counts 43 species, in which 38 are originating in America and 5 are Asian. It comprises two sub-genera: Trillium , with pédonculée flower with spread out petals and generally immaculate sheets, and Phyllantherum , with sessile flower with generally drawn up petals and more or less mottled sheets.

Species

American species

Sub-genus Trillium

Trillium catesbaei Ell. : south-east of the United States in acid ground; leaning flower white with pink more or less deep
Trillium cernuum L. - leaning Trille: spread in the east of Canada and the North-East of the United States; hanging white flower
Trillium erectum L. - Trille red: south-east of Canada and is of the United States; flower with odor of wet dog, generally drawn up ( erectum ) sometimes leaning, maroon, crimson, white or yellow
Trillium flexipes Raf. : center of the United States (area of the big lakes) in calcareous ground; drawn up or leaning scented white flower
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. - white Trille: spread in the south of Canada and the center and the North-East of the United States; large white flower, sometimes dew (F. roseum ). The white trille is the floral emblem of the Canadian province of the Ontario. It also appears on the Drapeau free-Ontarian.
Trillium nival Ridd. : center and the North-East of the United States; calcicole dwarf species with white flower appearing with the snow melt
Trillium ovatum Pursh: west of the United States and Vancouver Island; white flower, turning to the pink at the end of the flowering; VAr. maculosum has mottled sheets
Trillium persistens Duncan: endemic species of the west of South Carolina; white flower with undulated petals, turning to the crimson at the end of the flowering
Trillium pusillum Michx. : in populations isolated that and there in south-east from the United States; white flower, turning to the old pink at the end of the flowering. Among the various described varieties, only texanum Buckl. (Syn. Trillium texanum Buckl.) with sheets and narrower petals, and virginianum Fernald with flower (sub-) sessile are maintained in culture.
Trillium rival S. Wats. : endemic species of the Mounts Siskyou and Klamath; large nicely piquetée white flower of a pink more or less deep. `Purple Heart' piqueté one more pronounced.
Trillium rugelii Rendle : south-east of the United States; large reversed white flower with projecting cheesecloths
Trillium simile Gleason: endemic of Tennessee; large flower creams
Trillium sulcatum Patrick: south of the Appalachian Mountains Mounts; large flower chestnut or red, sometimes yellow or white (F. albolutescens ); resemble the red Trille in larger
Trillium undulatum Willd. - Corrugated Trille or `painted trillium': species calcifuge of the east of Canada and the North-East of the United States; white flower with petals undulated with a mark in V red
Trillium vaseyi Harbison: endemic of the extreme south of the Appalachian Mountains Mounts; large red flower dark

Sub-genus Phyllantherum

Trillium albidum J.D. Freeman: west of the United States; large scented flower with white petals at base often dew; sheets with darker marblings
Trillium angustipetalum (Torr.) J.D. Freeman: California; flower crimson with narrow petals; oval sheets with spots noirâtres
Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J. Howell: coasts of California; flower with greenish yellow pleasant odor with crimson with oval petals; oval sheets with darker spots; VAr. giganteum is more robust
Trillium cuneatum Raf. : south-east of the United States; petals chestnut with purple; the greatest species of the sub-genus with strongly marbled sheets
Trillium decipiens J.D. Freeman: Alabama; petals chestnut; strongly marbled lancéolées sheets
Trillium decumbens Harbison: north of Georgia and Alabama; flower crimson with narrow petals; falling down stem with strongly marbled oval sheets
Trillium discolor Wray ex Hook. : higher course of the river Savannah (Carolines and Georgia); petals spatulas yellow or yellowish; oval sheets mottled in their youth
Trillium foetidissimum J.D. Freeman: lower course of the Mississippi; flower with spreading a putrid odor, purple or brownish narrow petals; strongly marbled oval sheets
Trillium gracile J.D. Freeman: coastal plain of Texas at the border of Louisiana; maroon narrow petals; slightly mottled oval sheets
Trillium kurabayashii J.D. Freeman: north of California; lancéolés petals crimsons; brilliant oval sheets more or less mottled
Trillium lancifolium Raf. : that and there in the south-east of the United States; narrow petals chestnut; marbled narrow sheets
Trillium ludovicianum Harbison: coastal plain of Louisiana and lower course of the Mississippi; flower with odor of carrion, narrow purple green or two-tone petals; strongly marbled lancéolées sheets
Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison: North Carolina and Tennessee; petals lemon-yellow yellow; oval sheets marbled in their youth
Trillium maculatum Raf. : south-east of the United States; petals crimsons, yellows (F. luteum ) or yellows at purple base (F. simulans ); strongly marbled oval sheets
Trillium parviflorum Soukup: the North-West of the United States; white narrow petals; hardly mottled oval sheets
Trillium petiolatum Pursh: mountains of the North-West of the United States; narrow chestnut, crimsons or yellowish petals; sheets lengthily petiolate green clearly immaculate
Trillium recurvatum Beck: center of the United States, big lakes in Louisiana; flower with narrow crimsons or yellowish petals (F. luteum ) and with reversed sepals ; definitely petiolate oval sheets, marbled in their youth
Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman: some stations in South Carolina and Georgia; petals dark or maroon crimson; strongly marbled oval sheets
sessile Trillium L.: largely widespread in the central part of the United States; oval chestnut or yellowish petals (F. viridiflorum ); oval sheets, marbled in their youth
Trillium stamineum Harbison: a band going of Tennessee to the coastal plain of Alabama and the Mississippi; flower with odor of carrion, with narrow petals crimson sinks with chestnut spread out and with projecting cheesecloths; oval sheets mottled in their youth
Trillium underwoodii Small: Alabama and Georgia; malodorous flower with petals chestnut or crimsons; hanging sheets, lancéolées strongly marbled
verdant Trillium Beck: higher course of Missouri; narrow petals clear green; hardly mottled oval sheets
Trillium viridescens Nutt. : a band going of the south of Kansas and Oklahoma in the north of Texas; green narrow petals, crimsons at their base; hardly mottled oval sheets

Asian species

The Asian species are attached to the sub-genus Trillium .

Trillium apetalon Makino : north of Japan, Sakhaline islands and Kuriles; flower with petals absent and with brownish sepals
Trillium camschatcense Ker Gawler: the North-East of China, Korea, north of Japan, Sakhaline islands and Kuriles; white petals or cream
Trillium hagae Miyabe & Tatewaki: Hokkaido; white oval petals
Trillium smallii Maxim. : north of Japan and Sakhaline islands; petals absent or partially fallen through crimsons, brownish sepals with purple
Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. : from the Himalayas in Taiwan, and the north of Japan and the Sakhaline islands; white petals exceeding the sepals

Trillium govanianum Wall., a miniature species with flower with 6 identical tepals purple green, is currently attached to a separate kind called Trillidium .

Culture

The species of the east of North America are easiest to cultivate. Those of the west of North America and Asia require a soft and wet maritime climate, like that of Normandy or British Isles.

Trilliums require a ground muddy, rich in humus, slightly shaded and drained well, with generally neutral pH. Some species however, like Trillium rival , are calcicoles and some others, like Trillium undulatum , are calcifuges. The rhizomes must be planted with a depth from 5 to 7,5 cm. It will then be necessary to show patience, because it will be necessary one for two years before the plants show their first flowers. As their sheets of Trilliums disappear rather quickly, one should not too group them and intercalate other plants thriving under the same conditions.

Some specialized producers of the Netherlands and Wales present a score of species regularly. The rarest varieties, like Trillium grandiflorum F. roseum and `Pleno Flora', is very required; they can be obtained at ransom price.

Among the most decorative species of the sub-genus Trillium , Trillium grandiflorum and Trillium erectum are easiest to cultivate; Trillium catesbaei , Trillium undulatum and Trillium rival is more delicate. sessile Trillium is the species of the sub-genus Phyllantherum most frequently cultivated.

Sources

Leo Lellito & Wilhelm Schacht, Hardy herbaceous perennials , Timber Close, 1985 ISBN 0-88192-159-9
Frederick W. Box, Jr. & Roberta B. Box, Trilliums , Timber Close, 1997 ISBN 0-88192-374-5
Daniel J. Hinkley, To explore' S garden , Timber Close, 1999 ISBN 0-88192-426-1
Baldassare Mineo, Rock'n'roll garden seedlings , Timber Close, 1999 ISBN 0-88192-432-6

External bonds

'' Trillium and the Trillium family ''
ISCED '' Trillium '' L.

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