Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Functions

The CDC draw the attention of the country to the development and the application of the prevention of the diseases and controls it (in particular the infectious illness), the environmental Santé, the Promotion of health and the education near the population of the United States and its territories.

The centers, institutes and offices are:

National Center one Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
National Center for Environmental Health
National Center for Health Statistics
National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention
National Center for Infectious Diseases
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
National Immunization Program
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Epidemiology Program Office
Public Health Practice Program Office
Office of the Director

The general headquarters are with Atlanta. The CDC are an agency of the Department of health and services human.

The CDC also publish the review Emerging Infectious Diseases (Emergent infectious diseases).

Current (June 2005 the) direct one of the CDC is D R Julie Gerberding, named at this station in July 2002.

Historical origin of the CDC in the United States

The CDC initially was a single governmental organization, named Communicable Disease Center until in 1946, then Center for Disease Control until in 1970, where the questions of prevention extended its scope and obliged it to open agencies in all the States and to reorganize in several fields of competence, with each one a national center equipped with research institutes or health monitoring, offices distributed on all the territory, and of the correspondents with large the agencesde health of the world in collaboration with WHO.

The origin of the CDC is initially soldier. The the United States, the military institutions, for the protection of US Army played a big role as regards Santé and especially of epidemiology, via initially the follow-up and the study of the health of the soldiers, then by the study of the epidemics as being able to be used by the Bioterrorisme or as Arme of massive destruction.
La tendency to the prevention against the infectious illness gained ground at the XXème century in the country, with the fight against the Tuberculose and a large campaign against the Yellow fever with Cuba< ref>Stepan NR. medical The interplay between socio-economic factors and science: Yellow fever research, Cuba and the United States. Social Studies off Science 1978; 8: 397-423 (Summary, in English) started in 1898. Campaigns against the sexually transmitted diseases were developed during the First World War, then against the Grippe after the Pandémie of Spanish Grippe of 1918 (which gave place to the creation of WHO and which showed how much the armies could contribute to transport a dangerous virus on all planet).
As regards tropical Medicine, the fight against the yellow fever then extended to others tropical diseases with an importance marked in the middle of the century for the fight against the Paludisme. For in particular fighting against this disease during the Second world war in the zones of war, the United States created a special organization in order to develop tools and strategies adapted to the blazes of paludism among soldiers (with the country and abroad). It is this organization which will metamorphose in a “Communicable Disease Center” (initial name of the CDC). An epidemiologic body of elite ( Epidemiology Intelligence Body ) was founded in the years 1950 by Alexander Langmuir, to lay out of a mobile body epidemiologists (Epidemic Intelligence Service off the Communicable Disease Center) able to answer the threat of the bioterrorism maintained by the Cold war and of the local conflicts, in particular in the area Pacifique. Langmuir specifying into 1951 that the word “ intelligence ” was retained because of its 4 definitions given by the dictionary (English);

Capacity of knowledge and comprehension ( The capacity for knowledge and understanding ).
Capacity of adaptive success by the adjustment of its behavior to a general situation ( The power off meeting has Novell situation successfully by adjusting one' S behavior to the total situation ).
Capacity to apprehend the interrelationships between the facts for better directing the action towards a desired goal. (The ability to apprehend the interrelationships off presented facts in such has way ace 'O guides action toward has desired goal).
Obtaining and diffusion of information, in particular of secret information. ( The obtaining and dispensing off information, particularly secret information ).

The functions of this body will quickly be extended to the public health in general. Its officers will play an important role in the development of the Vaccination against the Polio and a little later in a worldwide campaign of vaccination which will allow the eradication of the Variole.

The CDC initially answered crisis situations soldier, policy and medical, for becoming central little by little in the United States epidemiology public health and of research-action in these fields.

In Europe

The European Union, in particular on the basis of lesson of ESB (Mad cow) and of the SARS then of the Avian flu wanted to obtain a CDC for better following the epidemics and answering the pandemic risk in particular. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) created in 2005 is based in Stockholm.

See too

total System of monitoring of the emergent diseases and reaction of the Department of Defense (the United States)
epidemiology, ecoepidemiology,
Health monitoring

External bond

official Internet site of the CDC

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