Catechism

In the Christian Religion , the catechism indicates the official talk of the articles of the Foi. It is a basic tool for the catechesis , which is the whole of the actions intended to educate children, young people and adults with the Christian doctrines. The catechesis is one of the components of the evangelic Mission of Christianity.

For the origin, the catechism was intended for the teaching of the children. Nowadays in the Catholic church, the word catechism is still often associated with the religious education of the children, whereas catechesis is employed more to indicate the teaching given to the adults.

Catechism gives a major comprehension of the doctrines and mysteries of Christianity. In particular, it informs the faithful one on the Mystère trinitaire, the divinity and the humanity of Christ, the real presence in the the Blessed Sacrament, the creed, the councils, the social Doctrine of the Church, the plane of hello, the love of god, the Redemption, the Assomption of Marie, the creation of the world, the evangelic word, Christian morals, forgiveness, etc

History

The words catechism and catechesis come from a Greek verb katekein which means at the same time " enseigner" and " informer".

The need for a catechism was felt at the time of the campaigns of evangelization ordered by Charlemagne and of the conversion S of whole populations which result from it. Into the wire of the centuries, it integrates new the Dogme S.

The Protestant Réforme will make of it great use and will regard them as confessions of faith. Thus Small catechism of Luther for the Lutherans and of the Catechism of Heidelberg for the reformed .

By extension, the word indicates:

  • the book which contains teaching, called manual of catechism or simply catechism ;
  • formation itself: one goes to catechism ; thus, in France (except in Alsace and the Moselle, where there is a religious teaching at the school):
*chez the Catholique S, the catechism is done at the age of the elementary school; out of secondary, it there with the chaplaincy ;
*chez the reformed , one speaks about biblical school at the age of the primary education, and about catechism at the age of the college.

Catholic catechisms in the history (in France)

  • 1554, Catechism of Canisius : in Latin, intended for the students; German version intended to the people and for the children.

  • 1556, Roman Catéchisme also says “Concile of Thirty”, bound for the clergy.
  • 1593, Catechism of Bellarmin , in Latin
  • 1601, the same one, translated into French by saint François Dirty, the first French catechism
  • 2nd half of the 17th century, catechism of Bossuet
  • 1806, national Catechism French , said imperial because written under the control of Napoleon
  • 1947, national Catechism written by the French episcopate, intended to replace all local catechisms
  • 1981, Alive Stones , a very illustrated book intended to accompany the teaching, targeted towards the children of urban environments
  • 1992, Catechism of the Catholic church , promulgated by the the Vatican.

In parallel and before the generalization of French to all the layers of the population in France (2nd half of the XXe century), the dioceses used catechisms in vernacular language to make teaching accessible to all.

Other uses of the catechism term

The catechism term was employed in a direction derived by several atheistic philosophers and not Christian at the 19th century:

Saint-Simon and Auguste Count is at the origin of movements considered by the Catholic church as errors, even of Secte S, and more generally like concerning modern atheism.

They were analyzed by Henri Gouhier, Henri de Lubac and the Encyclique Fides and Ratio of Jean-Paul II of the September 14th 1998.

Catechesis

The catechesis is the whole of the actions intended to educate children, young people and adults with the Christian doctrines. It is one of the components of the evangelic mission of these Churches.

Catechesis of the Catholic church

“The modernistic Crise in Catholicism at the beginning of the 20th century represents in France, from which it is the epicentre, very sharp confrontation between the fruits of the scientific approach resulting from modernity and the form of the doctrinal knowledge which the Catholic church had inherited. This scientific laicization of the religious universe involved among many intellectuals believers a major dilemma in particular in connection with the interpretation of the Bible. ” Christophe Boureux, Doctor of Divinity and religious anthropology, professor at the catholic Institute of Lille. ” Introduction to the course Catholicism and Modernité given to the CCEFR of Montreuil-sous-Bois (France)

A crisis of the dogmatic one

Innovating attempts were condemned:
  • the progressive catechism of Mr Collomb (1947) which leaves the Gospel to go towards the doctrines, initiative of a sulpician integrated in the movement catechetic according to war, wrongfully condemned on denunciation on confusion between progressive and progressist during one time when hunting for the progressists was open. (on hunting for the progressists, to refer to the Newspaper of a theologist 1946-1954 of Yves Congar o.p., Stag, Paris, 1999).
  • Dutch catechism (1967), on the initiative of the conference of the bishops of the Netherlands and enracinant itself in the Concile Vatican II. Happy owners of an edition of 1967, before it is expurgé find small an appendix giving the detail of the debates.
  • Jean Kamp, the great silence of the priests and Creed without faith, faith without creed

The catechism (CEC) of 1992 did not solve this crisis.

A crisis of the transmission

The changes of language which marked the pastoral one according to war assemble the difficulties of crossing the gap between the contemporary culture and the practices by which express the faith. With an acceleration these last years, one passed:

  • of the lesson of catechism which was the rule during several centuries,

  • with religious education in a more total process,
  • then with the return of the expression catechesis around the years 1950,
  • while the movement catechetic of post-war period forged the expression education of the faith ,
  • the movement kerygmatic of the years 1960 centered its efforts on the history of the hello read through the Bible,
  • years 1970 transfer the arrival of education to the values and the religious studies (with 100 years of delay because of modernistic Crise),
  • at the same time, one tried to supplement the traditional lessons by various external pastoral activities: retirements, sessions of prayers (style Taizé),
  • in North America developed what one called Campus Ministry , with a broad range of activities going of the traditional classes in room allied with many activities of external engagement (a similar movement, to France, with great cultural differences revealed notable change in the traditional chaplaincies),
  • in Spain and Latin America, the expression pastoral tended to being employed like description number 1 of a whole range of activities of lesson, and celebrations of the faith, especially with young people,
  • these last years, the JMJ, under the influence of the charismatic gatherings , are based on the taste of the young people for the large gatherings of crowd, associating music, speech and celebrations.

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