Catch of Mainz

See also: Head office of Mainz

After the Declaration of war of France in Austria (1792) and the Declaration of Mainz of the July 21st 1792, Custine receives the command of the Armée with the Rhine to replace Nicolas Luckner, and in September occupies the south of the the Rhineland with the towns of Landau, Spire and Worms. The regiments of the Duc of Nassau leave the Forteresse Mainz the October 5th.

This seat sees the catch of the town of Mainz by the armies of the Revolution. The French occupy Mainz militarily, and try to institute there the République of Mainz.

Context

The French revolution of 1789 finds in the prince archbishop of Mainz, Frederic-Charles Joseph d' Erthal, a decided adversary, which accommodates with open arms all noble French fleeing the working class unrest. Mainz is thus the epicentre of the Contre-révolution in Europe.

After the declaration of war of France to the archduke of Austria François II the April 20th 1792, the diet of Mainz gathers in July to promise to demolish the French revolutionists, if they would undermine the royal family, and of their “to inflict an exemplary punishment” . However the failure of the escape of Louis XVI with Game preserve involves the arrest and the inculpation of king de France. Thus, the August 4th 1792, the archbishop of Mainz rejoit the coalition austro-Prussian.

However, not only the attempt at invasion of France by the armies of the coalition fails the September 20th the Bataille of Valmy, but the armies revolutionary, passes to the counter-offensive and crosses the the Rhine, with for objective Mainz…

Unfolding

The 29 and September 30th 1792 the revolutionary armies ordered by the general Custine seize Spire (city). As the French do not pouvent to hold this position well a long time, they are folded up four days later on Worms. With Mainz, it is panic. The voter, the bishops of the chapter, the aristocrats and their servants leave the city precipitately. According to the estimates, between the quarter and one the third of the 25.000 inhabitants flee. The remainder of the population is however declared ready to defend the fortifications damaged meanwhile. It is thus 5.000 volunteers, which is definitely insufficient to cover the gigantic enclosures of the city.

The French troops, become meanwhile Armed with the Vosges, with decision of the Convention, begin the surrounding and the seat of the city the October 18th. The noise runs that approximately 13.000 besieging gave an opinion. The council of war chaired by the count Gymnich is terrified and decides to capitulate without fighting, the October 20th. The 21 the French enter the residential city of largest princes voters of Germany, however protected by the widest fortifications.

After the attack

This day makes date in the later relations between France and the Holy roman Empire. 20.000 soldiers occupy the city, a manpower quite higher than the population. The occupants try to convert the inhabitants with the benefits of the Revolution. In fact however the revolutionary ideas allure the population, but the daily problems posed by the supply of so considerable occupying forces. Moreover, the general Custine, who takes his districts with the Château of the Prince-Voters, gives all kinds of instructions for the protection of the university and the buildings of the archi-episcopate. Thus, much of middle-class man look at the French, not like invaders, but like liberators. Franz Konrad Macké occupies the functions of mayor from February in July 1793.

See also: History of Mainz, Republic of Mainz, Head office of Mainz (1793)

Personalities of the Catch of Mainz

External bond

  • Marketing years 1793
  • campaigns of Claude Joseph Tournier - Catch of Mainz

Literature

  • Arthur Chuquet : the Forwarding of Custine (1892)
  • Mainz - Die Geschichte der Stadt - Mainz - History of the city; Editors: Franz Dumont, Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz; 1. Aufl. ; Editor Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1998
  • Smith, D. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Dated Book . Greenhill Books, 1998.

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