Catatonie
The catatonie is a psychiatric syndrome being expressed at the same time in the psychic, and driving sphere. Y are generally associated these signs:
- the negativism i.e. opposition to any proposal, the " refusal of any contact with others and the réel" , as Henri Ey defines it. That can include/understand, a refusal of the glance, a dumbness, an anorexia, a total apragmatism.
- the passivity : paradoxically, the subject can also adopt attitudes of passive acceptance occasionally, by suggestibility.
- the driving syndrome , loss of the driving initiative, generalized stiffness, solidified attitude, active resistance to the attempts at mobilization. Sometimes, one observes the syndrome of the Catalepsie or waxy flexibility , the patient keeps the attitudes imposed by others even when they is uncomfortable (it is for example the sign of the pillow: the head remains raised when the pillow is withdrawn. One can observe phenomena parakinetic (mannerism, stereotypies, the pathetic, impulses), a echolalia, echopraxia…. Sometimes, the evolution is punctuated by accesses of sudden psychomotor agitation, by clastic crises.
- Associated somatic Symptoms: signs of dysautonomy: disorders tensionnels, oedemas of the lower extremities, sweats profuses, cyanosite of the ends, hypersalivation.
Its evolution without treatment can lead to dead (by anorexia, dehydration)
We owe his description with K.Kahlbaum , in 1874. It constitutes a form of expression of the schizophrenia ( hebephrenocatatonic schizophrenia ), within which it is described by the traditional ones: Kraepelin in the Dementia praecox, Bleuler in schizophrenia. This one defines of it the extreme nature of symptom of the psychomotor dissociation , locates there the combined expression of the negativism and the autism (with the direction bleulerien) DSM IV TR, manual American of classification of the mental diseases defines it as a syndrome, without prejudging its etiology: schizophrenia, disorders of mood (melancholy mainly), neurologic affections.
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