Castillon-the-battle

Geography

Castillon-the-battle is located at the East of the department of the Gironde on the the Dordogne, between Libourne and Holy-Foy-the-Large.

History

Antiquity

It seems that the site was used by a Roman establishment. Small objects of this time were discovered on the sites of old and the new church.

Early middle ages

With the passage of the Dordogne, the troops of Abderame demolish those of Eudes, duke of Aquitaine (732).
the Viscount already exists at the 10th century. The name indicates a castle of certain importance.

In 1060, a Olivier Viscount makes come to Castillon Bénédictins monks from Florent Saint from Saumur, who build a monastery in the North of the castle. One finds Pierre de Castillon, founder of the abbey of Faize (canton of Lussac) in 1137, companion of Richard Lion-hearted out of Holy Land in 1090.

English Guyenne

English since the marriage of Aliénor of Aquitaine and Henri II Plantagenet, Castillon passes under French domination in 1223, then returns under the authority of kings d' Angleterre in 1259. In consequence of the revolts of the barons de Guyenne against Simon de Montfort, the former family of Castillon loses her Viscount. The seigniory passes at the end of the 13th century to the counts de Foix, in the person of Jean de Grailly, captal of Buch. Holy Foy and Castillon are conquered by Raoul de Nesles, but on May 20th 1303, in the collegiate church of St. Emilion, does without the solemn act of restitution all the province to the agents of king d' Angleterre. In 1377, the duke of Anjou, brother of king de France, after having taken Bergerac and Sainte Foy, besieges Castillon, which is defended during fifteen days. In 1451, Dunois makes the conquest of Bordeaux, and Castillon as all Guyenne passes under the domination of Charles VII. The Viscount Gaston de Foix refuses to join and exiles himself in Spain. Jean de Foix, wire of Gaston, enter the league of the lords of Bordeaux who point out the English led by Talbot (1452). Louis VII forms an army then. Talbot which is in Bordeaux is requested to go to its meeting. The Bataille of Castillon takes place the 7/17/1453 and puts an end to the Guerre One hundred Year old. Jean de Foix, exiled in England will confirm later the privileges of Castillonais, among which right to elect a mayor and two jurats. Louis XI will allow Jean de Foy to return in possession of his fields. About the middle of XVIe S, the Viscount of Castillon passes from the house of Foix to that of Turenne.

Wars of religion

It is with this time that spreads the Lutherienne doctrines which gain many followers with Castillon which sends missionaries to spread the new religion. A little later, Blaise de Montluc being returned Master of this " den of hérétiques" in the guard entrusts to its Terride captain whose exactions make rock the population in the party of Henri de Bourbon and of the prince de Condé. Following what in 1586, the duke of Mayenne Charles of Lorraine comes to take again the city. After two months according to and long combat and an epidemic of plague, the defenders of the city require a honourable rendering. The duke of Mayenne enters the city, makes seek the inhabitants, finds of them 22 and will make them hang a few days later. In 1588, the Viscount of Turenne takes again Castillon with the favor of an attack surprised using 300 men. The city is granted like places safety at the religionnaires. The abjuration of Henri IV having dissatisfied the Protestant , the edict of Nantes reconciles to him. The wars of religion are re-ignited in 1621. Castillon is saved by the conflict. In 1622, at the time of its passage, Louis XIII request and obtains from Henri of the Tower, Viscount of Turenne and Castillon, which one shaves the castle. With died of the marshal of Turenne, it is its nephew who inherits his goods in Guyenne. Executor with his Emmanuel brother, cardinal of Bubble, they are committed making a revenue of 1000 pounds for the benefit of the poor of the ground which would convert with the catholic faith. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the Protestant emigration leave this revenue without employment. It will be used later to build the church.

XVIIIe S.

December 3rd 1719, the duke of Bubble sells the Viscounts of Castillon to Antoine Bonnet of Talmont which will resell them in 1731 with Mr. André François Benoit Leberthon, first president at the Parliament of Bordeaux. In 1735, Charles Godefroy of the Tower obtains from the king Louis XV the authorization to build the church and the hospital. With the revolution, the hospital is transformed into Town hall. Andre Leberthon, wire of the precedent, lose his seigneuriaux rights, and it sells its properties in 1795. With the formation of the department of the Gironde, Castillon becomes chief town of canton of the district of Libourne.

XIXe XXe S.

November 27th 1953 the Castillon-on-Dordogne becomes Castillon-the-Battles.

Administration

See also: Contenu=Voir the ''' [[list of the mayors of Castillon-the-Battles]] '''

Demography

Economy

Employment: Between 1990 and 1999 the canton of Castillon-the-Battles knew a significant growth primarily due to the tertiary sector (instigated in particular by the wine activities of services).

Vine growing

The city of Castillon-the-Battles gives its name to name Côtes of Castillon. The Vignoble extends on 2850ha on nine communes. This name was distinguished from the name Bordeaux in 1989.

Places and monuments

the door of midday, or carries iron, which belonged to the enclosure of the city.
the church Baroque of the XVIIIe century.
the town hall: old hospital of the XVIIIe century.

Personalities related to the commune

Events

July 17th 1453: Battle of Castillon

See too

Common of the Gironde

Twinnings

Sources

For the history: Historical files of the department of the Gironde, 1860 Volume 2, historical and archaeological notes on the town of the Castillon-on-Dordogne by Mr. PIGANEAU.

External bonds

Association of the tradesmen of Castillon
the Battle of Castillon
Castillon-the-Battles on the site of the national geographical Institute
Castillon-the-Battles on the site of INSEE
Communes closest to Castillon-the-Battles
Localization of Castillon-the-Battles on a chart of France
Plan of Castillon-the-Battles on Mapquest

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