Castellón of Planed

Castellón of Plana is a common of Spain, of 167.455 inhabitants, capital of the Province of Castellón, in the Valencian Pays.

Castelló of Plana is Valencian official name in , in Castillan, its name is Castellón of Plana .

The limits are in north the Province of Tarragone, in the east the Mediterranean, in the west the Province of Teruel and in the south the province of Valence.

Geography

Capital of the one of the most mountainous provinces of Spain, which is bathed however by the sea along 112 km of coasts (Costa del Azahar), Castellón of Plana is a city turned towards the future; broad avenues cross peaceful streets and places which formed the commune formerly. Its well maintained beaches keep the port by where a big part of exports forwards

Localities bordering

Its territory is close to Alcora, Almazora, Benicassim, Borriol, Onda and Vilafamés.

Climate

Castellón enjoys a Mediterranean climate; maximum precipitations concentrate at the beginning of the autumn. The winters are soft and the hot summers; during all the year, the variation of the temperatures is weak.

History

The Arab castle of Fadrell , drawn up on a hill in the buttresses of the mountain of the Serves , was - as well as the hamlets of Plana - the first refuge of those who were the founders of the city. All these places were conquered by Jacques Ier the Conqueror in 1233, and were given to Ximén Pérez d' Arenós. Under its direction, the villagers came to settle with the hamlet of Benirabe, centers final city. The birth certificate of Castellón is dated from the December 8th 1251 with Lérida, where Jacques Ier conceded the royal agreement for the transfer of the inhabitants of the mountain towards the plain. With this transfer which the tradition locates third Sunday of Lent 1252, was born Castellón from Plana. The first denomination was that of Castellón de Burriana (Castelló de Borriana), because the latter was the coastal locality most prosperous in this time.

With the the Middle Ages, the city was protected by ditches, walls and turns. At that time the church was built, which will become the cathedral in the middle of the XVe century. It is in 1366 that was found by the peasant Perot de Granyana the statue of the Vierge of the , which became owner of the City.

With XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries, the city took share with the revolt of Germanías and supported the archduke Charles of Austria during the War of succession of Spain; it was subjected as the remainder of the kingdom by the troops of Philippe V.

At the next century, the walls are cut down and the city starts a slow expansion slowed down by the wars of Indépendance and carlists. In 1833, were fixed the final provincial limits; Castellón of Plana became the capital of current administrative division, including during a few years some communes bordering on the province of Teruel.

During second half of XIXe, the city begins its development. The first modern buildings appear: the Provincial Hospital, the Casino, the Principal Teatro , the Ribalta Park… One increases the port and one opens the avenues which communicate with the sea. The rail link Castellon-Valence and the local interest with narrow gauge railway between the common neighbors, called Panderola , are the new means of communication which gave a whiplash to vigorous ceramic industry and the factories of squares ( azulejos ).

Panderola

Chemin de iron with way étoite which was founded in 1888, and which connected Grao and Onda, while passing by Castellón, Almazora, Burriana and Villarreal. Its name comes from the color of its steam engine and from the slowness and the irregularities of its walk. It is very present in the collective memory, with traditional songs which celebrate it. It stopped circulating in 1963.

Administration

Demography

Teaching

The university Jaume I is located at Castellón of Plana.Elle was created in 1991.

Monuments

Religious monuments

Iglesia Concatedral de Santa María Mayor . Old Gothic church of XIVe century, destroyed in 1936, remain only its three gates of entry and some elements constructivos and decorative. It was work, essentially, of the project superintendent of Segorbe, Miguel García. The oldest gate is that giving in the street Arcipreste Balaguer , which according to documentation, would go back to 1382 and would be the work of Guillem coll the door of north, or of the place of Hierba , of 1420, presents a vegetable decoration in the capitals. The large gate of the principal frontage is of a Gothic more advanced than the precedents, having preserved gate of origin only the carved capitals.

El Fadrí . Property municipal and separated from the close cathedral, it is an extended building, of octagonal plan, with five bodies, (the last hiding the room of the bells) and a terrace crowned by a niche. According to the plans of Portuguese Damián Mendes, it was built between 1591 and 1604 by Francisco Gallana of Lancha and Guillem del Rei, although its elegant gate of entry appears to be the work of French Johan Fraix. About the lintel of the door, a stone with Latin characters, informs us about construction and its owner. In top, on the terrace, eight bells and three others are laid out to mark the hours. The bell-tower is currently the symbol of the City.

Basilica of the Virgin of the . The local tradition goes back to the origin of the devotion and the worship to the Owner of the City of Castellón in 1366. The Sanctuary, today having row of Basilica, was built between 1724 and 1766 out of two others older of medieval origin.

Civil monuments

Plaza mayor .
Ayuntamiento de Castellón of Planed (Town hall).
central Mercado .
Edificio de Correos .
Planetario (Planetarium).
Parks Ribalta .
Museo de Bellas Artes (Museum of the Art schools).
Museo Arte Contemporáneo (Museum of Art comtemporain).
Auditorio there Palacio de Congresos (Auditorium and Palate of the Congresses).
Principal Teatro (Theater).
Lonja del Cáñamo .
Casino Antiguo .
Plaza del Mar .
Parks Municipal del Meridiano , in which cross the parallel meridian line 0º of Greenwich and it 40º of northern latitude, not marked by a monolith.

Festivals

The most important festivals are those of the Madeleine. They celebrate third Saturday of Lent and last nine days. The culminating point is the Romería of the canyes , during which one remembers transfer of the city since the hill of Magdalena to the plain.

In the district of Grao, the most important festivals those of Saint Pierre, are known owner: Fiestas del Grao de Castellón .

Twinnings

Since February 27th, 1987, Castellón of Plana is twinned with

External bonds

http://www.castellon-costaazahar.com: Official site of tourism of Castellón and the Costa de Azahar
http://uji.es: Site of the university Jaume I

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