Case

See also: CASE

In Linguistic, the case is a grammatical Trait associated with the Nom, Pronom and Adjectif and expressing the syntactic Fonction of this one in the sentence or his semantic relationship with the process expressed by the Verbe.

For example, the Accusatif is the case of the Complément of object (syntactic function); the élatif is the case indicating the place of the interior of which one leaves (semantic relationship with the process).

Expression of the cases in the languages

The case thus defined can be expressed in the languages in three manners:
  1. by the place of the element compared to the verb (for example, in French, the element corresponding to the accusative (direct object) is almost always placed after the transitive verb, except if this element is a pronoun);
  2. by a preposition (in French, for example, the preposition “with” expresses the Comitatif or the Instrumental);
  3. by means of a Affix which is added to the name for the inflected languages (if it is a suffix, one names it agglutinant Désinence) or .

One uses in general the word “case” in a more restricted direction, only when the case (in the broad sense) is expressed by an affix. The whole of these accidental affixes forms the variation nouns, adjectives and pronouns, mainly. The whole of the accidental forms of the same word forms its Paradigme. For example, the names Latin S which have an ending of personal singular - has and of genitive of very the number - æ is known as to form the first variation.

In French (just as in English, Spanish, Italian or Portuguese), the cases with ending almost disappeared from the language, apart from some variations of personal pronouns (je/me/moi, tu/te/toi, etc…) and of the suffixes for the formation of adverbs or superlatives, contrary to the 15 cases still present in Finnois, to the 7 cases of the Latin , to the 4 cases which persist in German, or to the 3 cases of the Arab .

List case

Abessif · Ablative · Absolutif · Accusative · Adessif · Agentif · Allatif · Aversif · Bénéfactif · Causal · Circumessif · Comitatif · Dative · Délatif · Directional · Distributive · Genitive · Élatif · Équatif · Ergatif · Essif · It · Indicative · Inessif · Instructive · Instrumental · Rental · Maléfactif · Personal · Oblique · Partitive · Prepositional · Prolatif · Mode · Sociatif · Sublatif · Superessif · Temporal · Terminational · Transformatif · Translative · Vocative

See too

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