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See also: Bactriane (homonymy)
The Bactriane or Bactrie (of the old Greek Βακτριανὴ/ Baktrianê ) is an area with horse on the Actual positions of Afghanistan, Ouzbékistan and the Tadjikistan, located between the mountains of the Hindū-Kūsh and the river Amou-Daria.
It was much larger formerly. It had as terminals in the South the Paropamisades and the India; in North, the Sogdiane; in the East, the Scythie extra Imaum ; in the West, the Hyrcanie, and contained, inter alia regions, the Margiane, the Guriane, the Bubacène, the country of the Tochares and the Marucéens.
History
Bactriane was at one very moved back time the center of a powerful empire and extremely civilized: some look it like the cradle of the empire of Persians and the religion of Zoroastre.
Its capital was Bactres (current Balkh). The Indiens gave him the name of Bahlikâ and the Chinese that of Daxia .
Of 545 with 540 av. J. - C., Cyrus II launches out to the conquest of the Central Asia, it integrates Bactriane in the Empire achéménide. In 462, a revolt of Bactriane is crushed.
It was conquered by Ninus. At the time of the conquest of Alexandre Large the (328), it then formed one of large the Satrapie S of monarchy Persian. Bessus, satrap of Bactriane, assassinated Darius III its Master, in order to make itself independent in its satrapie; but it does not succeed there: Alexandre united this country with his conquests.
The Séleucide S kept it until the reign of Antiochus Théos, in 256 av. J. - C. At that time, Bactriane took again its independence and had successively six Greek kings: Théodote I {{er}} (250), Théodote II (243); Euthydème I (221); Ménandre I {{er}} (195), Eucratide Ier (181); Eucratide II (147 - 141): it is what one names the Greek Empire of Bactriane, or Royaume gréco-bactrien, which lasted until the reign of Hélioclès I {{er}}. During this amount of time of more than one century, the kings gréco-bactriens had extended much the limits of their empire at the expense of the India on the one hand, the Sogdiane and the Scythe S of the other, but especially at the expense of the Séleucide S. It was invaded in 130 by the nomads Yuezhi come from North. With their fall, the Arsacide S of the Parthiène seized all their conquests in the West; the Scythians, 90 av. J. - C., took possession of the remainder, and founded a new kingdom of Bactres whose dimensions often varied.
Camels
Bactriane gave its name to a species of Chameau X, the Chameau of Bactriane ( Camelus bactrianus ).
Excavations
Many excavations are carried out in Bactriane of north (valley of the Surkhan-Daria) by ouzbèques teams free (http://ximebenj.club.fr/index.htm), nippo-ouzbèque, in particular on the site of old the Termez.
Partial source
See too
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