Carry from China

The Porte of China () is a historical door cérémoniale which was in the center of current the Place Tiananmen with Beijing in Popular republic of China. It was demolished in 1954. This door was the southern door of the imperial Cité with the Tartar Ville during the Dynastie Ming and Qing. It was in the central North-South axis of Beijing, in the north of Qianmen and the south of Tiananmen. Contrary to these two defensive doors, the door of China was purely cérémoniale, without ramparts, to build brick with 3 openings.

History

The door was built under the reign of the Empereur Yongle during the Dynastie Ming. It was the southern door of the imperial City, and in old China, the south was regarded as the cardinal point most prestigious, and this door consequently had the statute of “national Door”. Its name changed at the time of the succession of the dynasties. Called Door of Large Ming under the Ming, it raised the stanzas " The sun and the moon illuminate the virtues of the Sky; The mountains and the rivers make splendid the house of Empereur" (“日月光天德山河壮帝居”). Under the Qing which succeeded, the door was famous " Door of Large Qing " (Chinese: Dàqīngmén, 大清門; Manchu: Daicing duka ) in 1644. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the door was famous " Door of China ". In 1952, with the expansion of the Place Tiananmen, of the Soviet consultants recommended the destruction of the door. It was it indeed in 1954. In 1976, after the death of Mao Zedong, a mausoleum was built on the site of the old door.

Structure

As a point of passage between the imperial City and the Tartar City, the Door of China was built to be formal and static. The Code of Large Qing prescribed that it was to comprise three openings, of the flying gutters, a perfect place ahead, two lions on both sides, and a “dismountable stele” of each with dimensions (" 大清门, 三阙上为飞檐崇脊, 门前地正方, 绕以石栏, 左右狮各一, 下马石碑各一 "). It is of a style similar to the Large red Door of the Tombes of the dynasty Ming and imperial tombs of the Qing dynasty.

During the Dynasty Qing, space between the door of Large Qinq and Zhengyangmen were a place surrounded by a stone barrier. During the Dynasty Ming, this space was a popular market called “streets in chess-board”, because of the low width between the stalls.

The dismountable steles outside the door indicated the place where the official ones were to leave to them Palanquin or to go down from their horse. Beyond the door, only the Emperor, the Empress, and the Impératrice dowager could move in reef tackle. During the Dynasty Qing, only the Empress entered the prohibited Cité in reef tackle at the time of her marriage. The concubines and others accompanying were to enter by the door of derrvière, the Porte of the divine Power.

Others

The inscription appearing in the top of the door was a low relief, with characters made of Lapis lazuli and encrusted in the stone. The October 9th 1912, the day before the first birthday of the Revolution Xinhai, the government of the République of China decided to change the name of the door into " Carry of Chine" to celebrate the end of the imperial capacity. It was planned to take again the shelf of the inscription, and to turn over it to engrave a new inscription there. They discovered however that the back of the shelf comprised the inscription “Carries Large Ming”; it seems that the Qing craftsmen had had the same idea two hundred years earlier. A wood shelf was consequently carried out, and the mayor of Beijing wrote the three characters " 中華門 " (Door of China).

The original shelf hones some is currently with the Museum of the Capital of Beijing.

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