Caraquet

Geography

Sauf contrary indication, the information mentioned in this part comes from the following source

Situation

The town of Caraquet is located on a plate bordering the Baie of Heats and the Baie of Caraquet.

Caraquet is one of the three main cities of the acadian Péninsule. It faces the peninsula of Maisonnette. The peninsula gaspésienne, located at about thirty kilometers in north, is visible of Caraquet and one can distinguish the mountains and even the houses.

Caraquet is bordering on Bertrand in the west, of the parish of Caraquet in the south and Bas-Caraquet in the east. The city forms legally part of the Paroisse, even if it is not included there for ends of census.

Topography

The ground is generally flat and slightly tilted towards the east, so that there are no more cliffs at the border with Bas-Caraquet. There are three principal hills in the city. Highest, located at the western end of the city, an altitude of 45 Mr. has a plate of about thirty meters of altitude is at the end is city.

The city is intersected with some small valleys and the littoral is mainly made of Falaise S, measuring by place more than 15 meters.

The littoral is relatively regular, and forms some points, such as the point with the Reeds, the Rocheuse point, the point with the Church and the point with Brideau. Finally, Caraquet has some Plage S, such as Dugas, of the Church and Foley.

Hydrography

See also: Bay of Heats, Bay Saint-Simon, Bay of Caraquet

The configuration of the relief of the area of Caraquet creates approximately ten catchment areas. They move mainly in three different water levels, that is to say the Rivière Pokemouche, the Baie Saint-Simon and the Baie of Caraquet. Many rivers, for the majority of low importance, traverse the city. Those are of great historical importance, because it is with their mouth that the first hamlets developed. The principal ones are the Small Caraquet River, which flow in the Baie of Caraquet in the west, and the river Saint-Simon, in the south. The other rivers are the brooks of Cernu, in Maquerau and Dominique, which all are of the tributary of the Saint-Simon river. The Isabelle brooks, in Chenard, Brideau and Fitzpatrick flow in bay of Caraquet and the Waugh river flows as for it in Pokemouche.

Several Marsh and Tourbière S, of which at least four are sizes important, is in the forest. One finds also coastal marshes.

One finds two Lac S in the peat bogs: the lake with the Church and the lake Gallien. There is also some pond S.

Geology

The basement of Caraquet dates from the Pennsylvanien and of the Trias sic (between 200 and 250 million years).

The ground is made up mainly of a cover of plain (deposit of coal, Sable, Silt and gravel) above a thickness till ablation argillaceous texture, on a rock base of sandstone fissured thickness a 50 cm to 3 Mr.

The deposits of surface are probably of marine origin.

A rectilinear Dyke of Diabase, of a width of 26 m, crosses the municipality while following an axis north-be-south-west. It is exposed to the Point with Brideau (behind the hospital) and to the island of Caraquet.

Climate

The town of Caraquet is located at the limit of the maritime climate, which had with the presence of the Baie of Heats and the Golfe of the St. Lawrence. The Hiver S are softer than in the remainder of the country and the be S are fresher there. The average Température for the month of January is of -10.9 °C and 17 °C for the month of August. The relative humidity is of 76% for 72% and January for August. The annual average of the Précipitations is approximately 960 mm, a little under the provincial average. The falls of Neige are approximately 300 cm per winter. The littoral is exposed to forts Vent S, which damage the trees located close to the coast.

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Fauna and flora

The urban development being made mainly along the littoral, the majority of the territory is covered with a Forêt S mixed, where one find black prusses , white and red, fir trees balsam trees, white Bouleau, Tremble, etc As in the remainder of the province, part of the forest was destroyed during large the Forest fires of 1930.

One observes especially corbels downtown but several species of Oiseaux live in the forest, as well as Couleuvre S, different Amphibiens, Rongeurs and sometimes of large Mammifères like the Orignaux.

There is no Natural reserves in Caraquet, and the parks cover a negligible fraction of the territory. The forest is threatened by the cuts with white and the residential development. The peat bogs were not exploited, but there exists more than twenty careers.

Districts

Historically, the town of Caraquet developed from three Villages. The first, with the locality of Holy-Anne-of-Scrap-metal, close to the mouth of the Small River Caraquet, a second close to the brook with Chenard and the last close to the Isabelle brook (forming now part of Bas-Caraquet).

The grounds were originally of rectangular form, extending from the sea towards the interior of the grounds. The shape of the grounds and the situation of the hamlets are due to the fact that the first inhabitants lived especially of fishing and thus had an easy access to the sea. By succession of wire father, the grounds were divided in the same way until becoming increasingly narrow rectangles.

Nowadays, with share with the downtown area where the population is denser, the city is to some extent in a narrow meadow located along the Saint-Pierre boulevard, and bordered in north by bay and the south by the forest.

One can all the same distinguish some Quartiers, whose name is used by the population (note: for the official districts , even Administration). Haut-Caraquet extends from Bertand, in the west, to a brook in the surroundings of the Sanctuaire Holy-Anne-of-Scrap-metal. This district is rural and is a destination of holiday, with inter alia many Chalet S, the sanctuary and a ground of Camping. The Hillock in Japan sétend on a Hill (ridges), of the east of the Haut-Caraquet district to the Small Caraquet River. It is a residential district of weak extent. TheRock one extends from the Small Caraquet River around the church. This district developed tardily and preserved a certain rural pace. One finds between-others there a Shopping mall, buildings corporative and light industries, a drive-in, some country cottages, a residence for elderly and a Cimetière. The Downtown area extends roughly from the church to the port. Of one population density raised, one finds there the Town hall and the majority of the institutions, as well as many stores and restaurants. In this district, one finds in more the Port of Caraquet (also called Quai , because there was of them formerly just one), which accessible by two small valleys and which is located at the east of the hospital. One of course finds there the fishing port, the factories of fish finishing, a marina, a park, a hotel, a theater, the tourist office of information and a restaurant. Bouthillier, formerly called Middle Caraquet, extends on approximately three kilometers from the port until Bas-Caraquet. This district, located in a meadow overhanging bay, is mainly residential and counts many country cottages. The Industrial Park is on a hill in the east of the port and the south of Lebouthilier. Have finds there the services of public works and some companies.

Moreover, one finds houses, industries and some trade in the north of the street of the Bearing and Saint-Simon way.

Finally, there is some Hameaux, in particular in the west.

Streets

The way of the Bearing is used as dividing line of the addresses is and western on the Saint-Pierre boulevard. The streets crossing this last are they also separate in sections is and western, or north and south.

History

Origins

The city is named according to the Baie of Caraquet. Two theories try to explain the origin of its name. It would be a word in micmaque language which means the meeting of two rivers , in reference to the river of North and the River Caraquet. According to the second, the name would refer to a type of boat, the Caraque. It should be noted that the Intrigues call the Calaket city. The governor Nicolas Denys is the first to mention Caraquet, in 1672, in his book geographical and historical Description of the costes of septentrional America . He made there a short description of the Islands of Tousquet, which are the islands of Caraquet and Pokesudie. This name is an error because they were reproduced on its chart like Îles of Caraquet. The various orthographies used with the passing of years include Karaquet, Quaraqu, Carraquet and Caraquette.

The first inhabitants were the Micmacs . They lived mainly with Pokemouche, but had a camping close to the place where now the hospital is. Few things are known of their presence in the surroundings and it probably made use of the place like short cut to go Baie Saint-Simon to the Baie of Heats. Indeed, of the shells of Noyer were discovered with the Handle in Meadows. There is not to drown with Newfoundland, and the place more close where this tree growth is on the east coast of Canada, including New Brunswick.

The area started to be visited by fishermen Basques, Normands and Bretons as of the end of the 13th century.

Jacques Cartier jetta the anchor in the area of Miscou in July 1534 and explored the area during a few days.

In 1619, the Association of the merchants of Bordeaux founded a station of fishing to Miscou. Jésuites came then for évangéliser the Amerindians from the area. Nicolas Denys made trade on the coast of the Baie of Heats and the Golfe of the St. Lawrence, including in Caraquet. Association was then dissolved, the Jesuits recalled in France and Nicolas Denys forced to leave the island for Nipisiguit.

Towards 1724, the French Gabriel Giraud says St-Jean is probably the first colonist to be permanently established in the area. It would be in fact arrived towards the Années 1710 and one knows that it lived with Miramichi in 1727. It would have been born in Brittany. He lived on bank is brook Midsummer's Day (today Isabelle), with three quarters of Lieue S of the road, with the limit between Caraquet and Bas-Caraquet. He Maria an Intrigue and they had at least two children, Angélique and Jean-Baptiste, married him also with an Intrigue. Their name disappeared but they have some descendants, mainly in Gaspésie.

In a posted letter of the Restigouche and dated September 7th, 1760, the commissiare Basagier wrote with the Cardinal Mazarin that 150 people lived in Caraquet in 36 ▼ families |label=LABEL |contenu=

Inhabitants of the west of Caraquet

Alexis Landry. Married to Marie Terriot.
François Landry, wire of Alexis. Married to Adélaïde Bourg.
Rene Landry, wire of Alexis. Married to Charlotte Douaron.
Thadée Landry, wire of Alexis. Married to Madeline Light.
Anselme Landry, wire of Alexis. Married to Marie Brideau.
Pierre Landry, wire of Alexis. Married to Marguerite Allain.
Alexis Cormier, survivor of the deportation, brother of Jean Cormier and son-in-law of Alexis Landry. Married to Elizabeth Gauthier.
Jean Cormier, survivor of the deportation, brother of Alexis Cormier and son-in-law of Alexis Landry. Married to Anastasie Corner or Aucoin).
Charles Poirier, married to Madeline Landry. Survivor of the deportation.
Olivier Light, married to Marie Hébert, Josephte Hébert according to other sources. Survivor of the deportation.
Olivier Blanchard, Married to Catherine-Josephe Amirault.
Charles Gauvin, come from Rimouski. Married to Radigonde Denis.
Joseph Dugas. Married to Agathe Landry.
Chopped Rene known as Gallant. Married to Marguerite Blanchard.
Joseph Boudreau. Married to Rosalie Gaudet.

Inhabitants of the east of Caraquet

François Gionnais), born with Coutances, in Normandy. Team member of Saint-Simon. He is probably one of the three French having helped Gamaliel Smethurst in his escape. First marriage with Marie-Anne the Vicar, second with Marie Albert.
Louis Lantain says Lanteigne, born with Avranches in Normandy. Lanteigne is now the most frequent family name downtown. Wire of Nicolas de Lanteigne, it Maria Marguerite Chapadeau around 1758. It probably formed part of the crew of Saint-Simon. It is known that in 1760, the commander of the garrison of Ristigouche, François Bourdon, were the godfather of his Eustace son.
Zacharie Doiron, Married to Anne the Vicar. Born in 1734 Norman, probably . He was surviving deportation, took part in the battle of Ristigouche in 1760 and belonged to the crew of Saint-Simon.
Jacques Morest, come from Quebec. Married to Agnes Boutheiller.
Michael Parisé, called Sieur , probably officer, belonged to the crew of Saint-Simon. Married to Marie Albert.
Jean-Baptiste Paulin, of Rimouski. First marriage with Isabella Gasse, second with Agnes Canivet.
Louis Brideau, Married to certain a Thomas. Come from Quebec, it enfuya with Miscou at the time of the raid of MacKenzie. It returned in Caraquet in 1768 or 1769. It sold its ground with the company Robin in 1793 and déménaga with Tracadie.
Pierre Thibodeau, survivor of the deportation.
Joseph Chiasson, Acadian of the Island Midsummer's Day, it lived with Miscou a certain time before being established in the east of the city. Married to Anne Haché.
Rene Boutheiller, married in 1755 Angelica Midsummer's Day, the girl of Gabriel Giraud. Born with Paris, it is established in first in Gaspésie with his father. It was captured by MacKenzie whereas it was on the boat of Gamaliel Smethurst.
Louis Mailloux, come from Quebec. Married to Lazanne Huart.
Pierre Frigaux, Married to Josephte Boutheiller, grand-daughter of Gabriel Giraud. It belonged to the crew of Saint-Simon.
Henri Chenard, come from Quebec. Married to Agnes Canivet.
Gabriel Albert, fisherman born in Coutances in Normandy in 1738. Lived before with Pabos, where it Maria Genevieve Boutheiller, girl of Angélique St-Jean and Joseph Bouthillier. Father of Pierre and Jean (this last, married to Therese Lantaigne, will not receive ground in 1784).
Pierre Albert, wire of Gabriel. Married to Genevieve Denis.
Pierre Gallien, Norman fisherman , come from the Gaspésie. Father of Adrien Gallien. First marriage with Amerindian, second with St-Jean Angelica, widow of Rene Boutheiller and girl of Gabriel Giraud.
Adrien Gallien, wire of Pierre. Married to certain Dugué.
Widowed Giroux, come from Shippagan.
Widowed Ball, come from Shippagan.

George Castling lived in the east of Caraquet but received not ground. It Maria Genevieve Boutheiller. Its descendants are with Shippagan.

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In 1763, it is the signature of the treated of Paris: the England obtained all the territory of the Acadie. In 1764, the royal Proclamation allowed the Acadian deportees to come to be established on uninhabited grounds. Alexis Landry returned in Caraquet in 1766, with the Light one, Blanchard, Poirier, Cormier, Dugas, Gallien, Doiron, Gionet, Albert, Bouthillier and Lanteigne. Dugué and Mallet rather decide to be established with Shippagan.

It is known that Raymond Bourdages, of Bonaventure, exploited a station of fishing in Caraquet around 1763.

In 1776, Caraquet was probably the American target of Corsaire S during the American Révolution.

Priests started to visit the city in 1768. Previously, the inhabitants of Caraquet celebrated white masses, directed by Alexis Landry. The first church was built with Holy-Anne-of-Scrap-metal in 1791. In July 1811, évèque the Joseph-Octave Plessis made a visit of a few days with Caraquet. He affirmed that the meat was rare and the bread of bad quality but that people made fishing well. He also affirmed that people of the west were pure but that those of the east avaint good reputation, that they left to Paspébiac and that they had been combined with “sauvagesses”, without beings for as much of the barbarians. The way was finally deviated towards Halifax, but a more modest railroad was all the same inaugurated in November 1887. There is always a street of the Station. The opening of the railroad caused a certain economic boom with Caraquet. The Old man-convent, which sheltered the majority of the cultural and Community organizations of the area, was destroyed by a fire in 1992. Caraquet acceuillit the 15th Plays of Acadie in 1994. In 2003, following the riot of Shippagan, Micmacs fishermen settled with the port of Caraquet to ensure their safety. The same year, a protest movement with the New Brunswick and the Quebec was formed to prevent the construction of a Incinérateur by the company Bennet Environmental with Belledune, to treat grounds contaminated with the Hydrocarbures and the oil of Créosote. Health hazards the environment and of the inhabitants of the communities of the Baie of Heats were mentioned. Vis-a-vis the popular pressure, the government of New Brunswick exiga several actions on behalf of the company, of which behavior of a public consultation, before giving green light to construction , .

Demography

Administration

Caraquet is subdivided into four Quartiers, each one represented with the Municipal council by two advisers: Gertrude Landry and Romain Robichaud (District 1), Yves Roy and Michel Rail (District 2), Gilles Lanteigne and Cyrille Landry (District 3), Pierre P. Albert and Kevin J. Chopped (District 4).

The Maire is Antoine Landry, the temporary mayor is Gertrude Landry and the Managing director is Lucien Saulnier. Marc Cormier is the municipal Engineer and the Secretary clerk is Eric Haché. The mandate of the elected officials passed from three years to four years at the time of the municipal elections of 2004.

Budget and municipal services

The municipal Budget for the year 2007 envisages 4.353.778 dollars expenditure. 19% of the budget are allocated with the administration, 25% at the protection services, 12% at the finance departments, 19% with transport, 14% with hygiene and installation, 7% with the entertaining services and 4% with the culture.

The Taxe of water amount to 120$ and taxes it with sewer with 250$. For the meters of industries and trade, the tax is of 1,00 $ per 1000 Gallon S of salt water, 2,25 $/1000 gallons for fresh water and 1,20 $ for each Gicleur.

The city counts approximately 35 employees. The service of public works of Caraquet deals of the Déneigement and the sweeping of the streets, the construction and the maintenance of the networks of Aqueduc and sewer, of maintenance of the public fountains, the mechanical checking of the equipment, as well as the cleaning of the Green areas. The department of genius of Caraquet has like responsibilities new constructions, the chalk-lining and the lighting of the streets, the Arpentage and the Cartographie, the planning of infrastructures, the collection of waste, the buildings, the inspection, asphalting, the heating and electricity, the pavements and the industrial park.

The Urbanisme is responsibility of the Commission of installation of the acadian peninsula (WRAPPED).

Safety

The royal Gendarmerie of Canada acts as municipal police force and has a station located in the downtown area. This one also deals with the service 911. The town of Caraquet has its own brigade of Pompiers voluntary, founded in 1948. It has a manpower of a score of men and has trucks with fire, a Motoneige and a Traîneau of rescue. The brigade at sea has also a Bateau of rescue being used of guard-coastal auxiliary for that of Shippagan. The Canadian Forces do not have a presence downtown, but there are sometimes military exercises in bay.

Representation

See also: Elections in Canada, Political of Canada, Political of New Brunswick

The federal Député (Acadie-Bathurst) is Yvon Godin, of NPD. He was elected at the time of the elections of 1997, where the outgoing deputy Doug Young lost the elections because of the anger caused by a reform of the mode of insurance-employment. The provincial deputy of Caraquet is Hédart Albert, of the liberal party.

Economy

Economic situation

The economy of the acadian Péninsule is developed little, and the situation with Caraquet is hardly better. The fishing is the economic main motor. During the last decade, several project of factories were abandoned because of the lack of transport infrastructures.

The Activity ratio is of 66,4%, while the Taux of employment is of 56,0%. The Unemployment rate is raised, 15,6% (as comparison, that of the province is of 12,5% and that of the country is of 7,4%).

The following table shows that Caraquet has a strong rate of seasonal employment.

Activitées harbor

There is always important a port located in the east. Several factories of finishing of Poisson are located in the vicinity. One of them will be increased soon, a project of 4 million dollars which will create 250 jobs. Fishing creates also a great number of indirect employment. This industry however had to face important problems at the time of the last years: important settings with foot in the factories in 1981, several significant drops of the catches of Crab since the Years 1980, Moratory on fishing with the Cod starting from 1992, reforms of the unemployment insurance during the Years 1990, etc

The Tourisme is now very important. Last nine Festivals take place with Caraquet. The acadian Festival with him only attracts 180.000 visitors and brings back million in economic consequences during its 15 days. Caraquet and its area have many Hôtels, motels, bed & breakfasts and Campings, of which the history Hôtel Paulin (****) and reproduction of the Château Albert.

At the beginning of colonization, one the third of the inhabitants practiced the Agriculture and everyone had a Jardin. Several hospitals, of which that of Caraquet, were going to be closed. Having been born in 1963, it is on March 2nd, 2004 that the Hôpital the Child Jesus de Caraquet loses his services of Urgences, while becoming an open Community service 12 hours per day. The services of Obstetric and the Chirurgie S were also transferred elsewhere, with Bathurst.

During the removal of the services, people of Caraquet mobilized themselves to preserve their hospital. Multiple demonstrations proceeded, a commission on the restoration of the service urgently named “S.O.S Hospital” (Action H shortly after) was formed. In.liaison.with the inhabitants of the other cities, the movement New-Brunswick Rural Health Care Coalition was created. The town of Caraquet was implied to take along the provincial government in court for the possible damage of this closing. Although an offer between gourvenement and one of the chief negotiators for the town of Caraquet, Claude the Hope, had been put on the table, the result came to a failure.

A legal proceeding was nevertheless carried out with an independent group. With as defense which a service with Bathurst could harm the quality of the French service for an area using almost only this language, the verdict also showed a failure. Judge Roger Savoy affirmed that it is the role of the legislature and the government of New Brunswick, and not of the courts, to protect and promote initially the equality of the French and the English in the province.

In November 2006, shortly after the victory of the liberals, the new government of New Brunswick controlled by Shawn Graham did not intend to reconvert in hospital the Community health center of Caraquet. The Minister for Health, Michael Murphy, made on this subject, Tracadie-Sheila, an unambiguous declaration. “There will not be a reopening of the hospital of Caraquet”.

“One was held quiet, but there will be decisions”, indicates the spokesperson Mireille Manuelle very recently.

The hospitals more close to Caraquet are now located at Tracadie-Sheila (35 km) and at Bathurst (75 km). This loss is particularly serious for places more moved away even, like Pokesudie or Maisonnette.

Transport

Culture and inheritance

Structure and monuments

Caraquet has a certain architectural heritage. In fact, 375 buildings have summers built before 1946, and some date from the beginning of the 19th century. The very great majority of the buildings are built out of wood. Except the church, none counts more than three stages. The municipality with set up a committee of safeguard of the inheritance. Behind the church the presbytery is.

The cemetery Thomas Cooke is in the south of the boulevard, opposite the place. It was used between 1820 and 1914. 3000 people were buried in this cemetery, but only 56 tomb stones always exist. It contains burials of Europeans and Intrigues discovered in 1820 with the Isabelle brook. Would be there also fall it from a team member of Jacques Cartier, died during the forwarding of 1534.

Opposite Coop, two warehouses built at the end of the 19th century like stores.

On the street of the Patriots the War memorial the is. Opposite the hospital is one of the two guns which have summers discovered during construction there, like one discussed statue resembling a starfish.

There are of course other trade and residences having an architectural interest. Several historical buildings of Caraquet have summers moved or rebuilt with the acadian historical Village, such as the Château Albert.

Festivals, traditions and folklore

Personalities born in Caraquet

Corinne Blanchard: founder of the Sailing , first newspaper of Caraquet.
Mathilda Blanchard (1920 - 2007): trade unionist.
Théotime Blanchard (1844 - 1911): deputy.
Leonce Chenard: provincial deputy minister.
Onil Doiron (19?? -): instigator and promoter of the radio station CJVA, appointed provincial.
Nazaire Dugas (1864 - 1942): architect and industrial
Calixte Duguay: song writer and performer.
Bernard Jean: prosecutor-general.
Clarence Lebreton (1951 -): historian, provincial assistant deputy minister.
Irois Leger (19?? -): sports correspondent.
Light Martin J.: one of the founders of the acadian co-operative movement, member of the Order of Canada.

Surrounding municipalities

Appendices

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