Caption ritual crimes

La translation is not finished but the translator will never reproach a wikipédien compétent for carrying out the corrections necessary as of maintenant.

The légende of the crimes rituels (the English say blood libel ) allots to given and socially rejected minorities murders against the members of the majority group, generally of the children. Calumniating those which she proclaims the authors, she causes and justifies oppression and persecution. Its hawkers benefit from removals which one could not clear up, of the accidents and the deaths and to explain them they propose scapegoats. Such legends are not only the result of popular legends, enracinées in the superstition, but, with an aim of propaganda, they are also built and used in a way reflected by lobbys religious, political, regional or local. Pogroms, lynchings and murders camouflaged in judgments are often the result.

General sight

Charges of ritual child murders and cannibalism were often raised by various people and various religions of Antiquity against the ethnic minorities and religious foreign, whether it is by xenophobia or to justify legal proceedings.

With the eyes of the Jews, Child murder and Cannibalisme characterized the foreign people idolâtres. In the hellenism, the educated Greeks and Romans paid against the Judaism of the similar rumors, which applied later to Christianity. In Christianity, similar reproaches were initially addressed to certain gnostic or Christian sects like the montanists. Towards the Jews, the reproach only got along very seldom in late Antiquity and then it referred to the dogma already established of the deicide.

It is only since the Early middle ages that charges of ritual murders were propagated in Europe dominated by the Catholic church and became the principal element then making it possible to continue the other religious convictions: generally Jews, more rarely also of alleged heretics and the witches. Later the catholics also allotted to the Protestants and to the freemasons of such practices, and the Puritans on their side believed the able catholics of them.

The reproach of murder of ritual that the Christians addressed to the Jews developed at the 12th century. The alleged thirst for the blood of Christian children which the Jews would have needed for their matzoth with Pessa' H in order to make use of it for their medicine or their magic, here are which belongs to the toughest stereotypes of the Christian antijudaïsme. Such charges were generally fatal for the defendants, their families and their community. This legend drew its force from a combination from the religious endoctrination, superstition, economic misery, social dissatisfaction and apocalyptic fears.

From England, while passing by Spain and France, the antijuive legend arrived at the 13th century in German-speaking space. From there it gained Italy, Poland and Lithuania (16th century), finally it passed to Russia (18th century) and in the Ottoman Empire (19th century). She survived at the time of the Lights and, parallel to the anti-semitism, knew a new dash of 1800 up to 1914 in Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The national-Socialists used it systematically to excite the people in the preparation of the holocaust. Now, it remains alive, especially, in Islamic Arab propaganda against Jews.

Noises of murder of ritual were also widespread with (19th century in China, India and in Madagascar) against Europeans. Today, in addition to the Jews - generally it is the fact of the integrist Christians in the USA - they aim at the satanists and the partisans of the abortion.

In 2007, Ariel Toaff wrote a book rehabilitating the accounts. It quotes in particular the Talmud, which contains passages calling with the murder of the not-Jews.

Antiquity

The oldest Judaism still knew the sacrifice of the first born (2. Chr 33,6; 2. Kings 23,10), since Tora on several occasions takes care to condemn it absolutely (Ex 13,2.12 and suiv. ; 22,28 and suiv. ; 34,19 and suiv. ; Name 3,1 and suiv. ; 18,15; Dtn 15,19) while threatening of dead those which are devoted to it (Lev 20,2-5). The prophets denounced the human sacrifices like a form of idolatry (Is. 57,5; Jér 7,31; 32,35; Éz 16,20; 23,37) what made sacrileges of them. the Wisdom of Solomon , apocryphal book of, rested on them to justify the extermination of Cananéens (12,4 and suiv. inter alia). It is possible that as of the time of the patriarchs, in 1200 before Jesus-Christ and at the latest in 800, the Jewish religion replaced the human victim by an animal victim. But even this sacrifice is strictly regulated and Tora prohibited inter alia things with the Jews the consumption of blood, since it is there that the life resides and that blood consequently belongs exclusively to creative god JHWH (Gen 9,4; Lév 3,17; 7,26 and suiv. ; 17,10-14). One thus weakened one of the primary reasons of the sacrifice - the fact of taking and of incorporating a force of foreign life. One had not however made entirely disappear these antiquated representations which allotted to the blood and certain parts of the body of the magic forces; one finds them inter alia in the Christian worship of the relics and the later charges of ritual murders.

See too

Charge of ritual crime against the Jews

Random links: