Canton of the Jura

History

the canton of the Jura finds its roots in 999, when the last king of Burgundy gives to the bishop Basle the abbey of Moutier-Grandval and his dependences. Starting from 1032, évêché of Basle was attached to the Saint Germanic Roman Empire. After 1648 and the Treated of Westphalia, the Jura, separated from the remainder of the Holy roman Empire, increased its bonds with the Swiss Confederation.

the situation will perdura until in 1792, the last prince-bishop of Basle being driven out of its residence of Porrentruy by the wind of the French revolution. December 19th was proclaimed the République Rauracienne, first republic “sister” of the French Republic. In March 1793, it was annexed in fact by France, the Republic rauracian became a Mount-Terrible department under the name of and of Porrentruy chief town, then was gathered with the Haut-Rhin.

In 1815, by decision of the Congress of Vienna, the Jura at summer annexed in Switzerland and was allotted to the Canton of Bern to compensate for its losses, the Canton of Vaud and the Highone.
Consequently, the tensions between what from now on will be called the Bernese Jura and the remainder of the German-speaking canton of Bern, succeeded, in 1947, with the constitution of the Mouvement Jurassic separatist.
the fight, certainly agitated but largely peaceful, leads to the organization of a plebiscite. June 23rd 1974, a vote decided the creation of the canton of the Jura.
on March 16th 1975, the canton of Bern organized a vote called “cascades about it” and the 3 districts of the south remain attached in the canton of Bern. But the movements of fight, in particular the Ram Group, the Movement Jurassic separatist and the Jurassic Independence movement continue the ideal of a reunification of the “French-speaking Jurassic people”. Only some communes of the district of Moutier decided to join the canton of the Jura. As their borders were common to the one of the three districts of North those could be attached to the district concerned. Only the small commune of Vellerat which had decided to join the canton of the Jura could be attached to this last only in 1994 since it did not have common borders with a commune of one of the three districts of north.
In 1976, the Jurassic people had to name the deputies with Constituent, the task of this body being to work out the constitution (fundamental law) new cantonal state.
the new cantonal constitution was approved not the Jurassic People dated March 20th 1977. Resolutely modern, this constitution comprises 138 articles, whose last did not obtain the federal guarantee. The constitution of the Republic and canton of the Jura was a serious and modern base for the renewal of various constitutions of the Swiss cantons.
In 1993, an independent commission sought the solution with the Jurassic Question and concludes in favor of the Jurassic separatists, namely the reunification of the Jurassic people within the same entity. A Parliament interjurassienne was creates to this end in 1994 following the agreement of March 25th, 1994 between Bern, the Jura and the Confederation. In September 2004, this Parliament started work in order to study the feasibility of such an entity with six districts.
This study was the wish of the Movement Jurassic separatist (MAJ) which launched a cantonal initiative in 2004 and which was accepted by the parliamentary room, whereas the cantonal government asked for its rejection of it.
In February 2007, the InterJurassienne Parliament (AIJ) launches the idea of two demicantons, one composed by the Republic of the Jura and the other composed of the current Bernese Jura while continuing the study of a unification.

Geography

The canton of the Jura is in the North-West of Switzerland at the French border . With the Southern, is the cantons of Neuchâtel and of Bern, with the is those of Soleure and Basle-Countryside. As for the west and in north, the French Départements are Doubs, Territoire of Belfort (area Franche-Comté) and Haut-Rhin (area Alsace).

Mounts, hills

Rivers

See also: River of the canton of the Jura

Castles, monuments

Castle of Vorbourg
Castle of Asuel
Castle of Pleujouse
Castle of Löwenburg
Castle of Raymontpierre
Castle of Porrentruy
Castle of Delémont
Castle of Domont

Personalities

Holy Fromond

Alfred Count

Joseph Constantin Kaiser, (1886-1955), sculptor, one owes him the creation and the restorations of many works in the Jura.

Joseph Robert Kaiser, (1920 -), sculptor, one owes him the creation and the restorations of several works in the Jura.

Political institutions

See also: Political of the canton of the Jura

The legislative power is held by the Jurassic Parliament which consists of 60 members (deputies) elected officials with the poll proportional by the electorate in one of the three electoral constituency (corresponding to the district). The Parliament is entirely renewed every 4 years. The last election took place on November 10th, 2002.

The executive power is held by the Jurassic, equivalent Government Council of State in the other French cantons. It is composed of 5 members (ministers) elected officials by the majority vote by the electorate.

The current ministers are:

Michel Probst, PLR, Minister for the Economy
Laurent Schaffter, PCSI, minister of environment and for the Equipment
Elisabeth Balsam-Schneider, PS, Minister for Education
Charles Juillard, PDC, Police force and Justice, Minister for Finance
Philippe Receiver, PDC, Minister for Health and the social Affairs

The former ministers, since January 1st, 1979, are:

François Lachat (PDC)
Pierre Boillat (PDC)
Roger Garden (ELRR)
François Merternat (PS)
Jean-Pierre Beuret (PCSI)
Gaston Brahier (PLR)
Pierre Kohler (PDC-JDC)
Odile Montavon (CS)
Anita Rion (PLR)
Jean-François Roth (PDC)
Gerald Schaller (PDC)
Claude Hêche (PS)

The representation of the Republic and Canton of the Jura to the federal Rooms is composed in the following way:

National council (Room of the people)

Dominique Baettig (UDC)
Jean-Claude Rennwald (PS)

The Council of the States (Room of the cantons)

Claude Hêche (PS)
Anne Seydoux-Christe (PDC)

Political parties in the Jura

Jurassic Socialist party (PSJ)
Left Jurassic Christian-Democrat (PDC)
Jurassic radical Liberal party (PLRJ)
Left Christian-social independent (PCSI)
Left working and popular Jurassic (POP)
socialist Combat (CS)
democratic CS-POP
Union the center (UDC)
Jurassic Greens
Radical party Reformist (PRR)
socialist Youth and progressist Jurassic (JSPJ)
federal democratic Union (UDF)

Communes

The Republic and Canton of the Jura count statistically only one city with Delémont. But the Canton of the Jura comprises two other cities which, of the time of Evêché of Basle were high with the row of city. It is of Porrentruy (place chief of the District of Porrentruy) and about Saint-Ursanne. In 2004, the communes of Delémont, Courtételle, Courrendlin, Ire and Develier form an agglomeration with the direction where hears the federal legislation into force.

See also: The list of the Common of the canton of the Jura

Districts

The canton of the Jura is divided into three districts:

Official anthem

Rauracienne

Gastronomy

The Damassine is a regional brandy.

Museums

It has several museums, the Jurassic Museum with Delémont (regional history and regional artists), the Museum of the Hospital with Porrentruy (treasure of the Saint-Pierre church, pharmacy of 19th, clock industry, workshop of fine stones, prints of évêché of Basle), museum of the Car with Muriaux (cars of collection of 1897 to 1985. Motor bikes, engines. History of the car); the Jurassic museum of the natural science with Porrentruy (minerals, fossils, geology, mushrooms, dioramas sets of themes, history of the evolution)

and of many small museums: Museum of the pottery with Bonfol, Jurassic rural Museum in Genevez (old rural Settlement, roof of shingles, furnaces, vaults, tools, 600 objects); Chappuis-Fähndrich museum in Develier (several thousands of object of the daily life of the Jura of 1700 to 1950), the Balance with Asuel (iconography, model and archaeological artefacts of the castle of Asuel + presentation of the medieval castles of the Jura); museum of the Mount-Repais located in the vault of Caquerelle at Asuel (to perennialize the history of the area of Rangiers); Museum of Löwenburg (archaeological artefacts of Néandertal at the time modern); Museum of the trades of antan with Fahy; museum of the old traditions with Grandfontaine (agricultural Museum and of the Old Traditions); concise museum with Saint-Ursanne (Carolingian tombs and mérovingiens); Noah's Ark with Vicques (More than 2000 naturalized animals).

Music scene

Visual arts

See too

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