Cantante de Isaac

Word creates by the philosopher Arne Naess at the University of Oslo in 1960 and beginning of the movement of Major Ecology, which invites to an inversion of the prospect anthropocentrist: the man is not located at the top of the hierarchy of alive, but fits on the contrary in the écosphère as a part which forms part of the whole.

three ecologies

The French philosopher and psychoanalyst Felix Guattari develops the concept of “ écosophie ” in its work three ecologies (Paris, Galileo, 1989):

the environmental ecology for the reports/ratios with the Natural and the Environment,
the social ecology for the reports/ratios with the “socius”, social economic realities and,
the mental ecology for the reports/ratios with the Psyché, the question of the production of the human Subjectivity.

The root “eco” in its originating Greek acceptance returns to oïkos , i.e.: house, quite domestic, habitat, natural environment. Sophia meaning in Greek knowledge, knowledge, wisdom, one can approach a literal translation of the “écosophie” like “wisdom to live it”, constitution by each one of its own medium. It is, differently known as, a pragmatic prospect on the social practical , an attention, beyond “the contemporary individual” made superfluous, with the factory of the Communauté S. the project of Felix Guattari is to reinstate the complexity of the individuals, them Libido, their dreams, in the political equation.

Prone groups and world subjectivity

From the ecosophic point of view, the individual initiatives can be collected and federate by prone groups or leaders groups which interpret needs or diffuse aspirations, except institutions of being able (Greenpeace, the American witches néopaïennes around Starhawk, Act Up…), which translate them into proposals of government, which make pressure near the international authorities, which act on the spirits, cultures and values of the statesmen, elected officials or civils servant of the international agencies.

A group-subject (an invention of Jean-Paul Sartre reinterpreted by Felix Guattari) is a group whose institutionalization is sufficiently fluid and not-hierarchical not to solidify its interior life in rites and conventions. It can thus detect out of him the signs of what is alive in the company, under the cover of the hierarchies and conformisms, and collect the energy of these subjacent forces, even unconscious, which compose the Subjectivité of a world company. Subjectivity does not belong to any group indicated by its functions. It is as unforeseen, fragile and effective as the life even. When one does not have the instituted power, one can have the force of perception and interpretation.

Dialoguing with Guattari in December 1991, the philosopher and Italian political agitator Franco Berardi (known as Bifo) draws up, in connection with the Italian situation but more generally of the contemporary Western democracies, or, known as with the manner of Guattari, the “Capitalisme Mondial Integrated” a diagnosis which is worth just as easily for the project ecosophic, which haunts it:

“It is precisely the role of the policy which is in question. The passage to the worldwide economy, the relationship between economy and technology, economy and finance are as many ungovernable changes by the only policy - with the direction than had this word, of Machiavel to Lénine and, in fact, until here fifteen years, i.e. the capacity to control a significant part of social reality in the ocean of the human relations and the imaginary one. Today, the unit weight of the political Pouvoir is ridiculous vis-a-vis the creation of the spontaneous, underground networks… (...) It would rather be necessary to appreciate the weight of which can lay out the policy vis-a-vis the social change and which role the progressists, intellectuals or libertarians, can play inside the company. We are vis-a-vis an alternative: either we manage to think the problem inside even of the Subjectivité of the new company, or we continue to consider that it only concerns the political Gouvernement, and then we lost. ”

Diffusion of the concept

Plus recently the concept of “écosophie” is taken again by the thérapeuthe Thierry Melchior, author in particular Créer reality, Hypnose and therapy , in its book 100 words not to go from evil as psychiatrist published into 2003 to the Hinderers to think in round.
Philippe Pignarre and Isabelle Stengers still takes again the concept in its filiation guattarienne in capitalist sorcery. Practices of désenvoûtement , the Discovery, 2005.

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