Canadian bovine race

---- |----- | colspan=2 align=" center" | |----- ! bgcolor=" pink" colspan=" 2" | Name binominal Boss taurus
or Boss primigenius taurus,
or Boss primigenius F. taurus
Linnaeus, 1758 |----- |----- | Origin | Quebec in Canada |----- | Diffusion | Regional |----- | Size | Average |----- | Dress | Linked sinks, of black to russet-red |----- | Use | Mixed |----- |} The Canadian is a Canadian Race Bovin E . It is called french canadian by the english-speaking.

Origin

It is known that Canadian goes down from the French races which belonged to the landscape of the Normandy of the 17th century. At the time of its two voyages, in 1538 and 1541, Jacques Cartier had brought to the colony (the Quebec) of the cattle which came from the North-West of the France. Probably, as these bovines were used as pitance to the explorers, they could not ensure their descent. It is really in 1601 that Mr. de Poutrincourt ordered the first profitable delivery. It is thus to say that it is mainly between 1601 and 1665 that at Quebec the cores of bovines arrived which were going to give rise to Canadian. These last sendings having started from “Honfleur” to Normandy, under Samuel de Champlain, governor of the News-France at this time, we are persuaded that the Canadian car its origins or is related with the famous race “Cotentine”, the latter which, after being crossed with the race magpie-red of Holland, the races Augeronne and Cauchoise of Normandy and, finally, the race durham of Great Britain, gave rise to the bovine race Normande of today. Canadian is the first bovine Race Lait ière to be created on the continent of the North America. It was closely associated with the Colonisation of the Canada French (the Quebec) where it dominated, without division, the bovine breeding until the 19th century. It provided the driving force and of traction for transport and the ploughing, as well as the production of milk and meat for the inhabitants.

It is towards 1880 and thanks to Doctor J. - has. Seam, Médecin - Vétérinaire, founder and first secretary (1895 - 1922) of the Société of the stockbreeders of Canadian bovines which began the period from reorganization and improvement of the Canadian bovine race. It is in 1886 that the herd book was open of Canadian. At that time, the British races had to already them genealogical Livre and, consequently, their associations of stockbreeders had created their Pedigree S. the absence of pedigree exclua thus the stockbreeders of Canadian of the exposures in the classes of the thorough-bred. The animals were thus forced to take part only in the classes of crusaders. With the turning of the century, Canadian was also absent from majority of the English Canadian publications. These developments discouraged from several stockbreeders entering in competition and, consequently, they prevented them from presenting their herds to great demonstrations. Despite everything these miseries, this cattle had improved its performances at such a point that Canadian was recognized like producing dairy the most economic at the time of the Side-American of Buffalo (the United States of America) in 1901. At the same time, she was also recognized like the dairy race most advantageous in Canada.

The Company of the stockbreeders of Canadian bovines was finally organized in 1895 and was incorporated under the law of the Genealogy of the cattle in 1905. The ministry for the Agriculture of Canada thus took in hand the herd books of the animal races and it organized with Ottawa “Canadian Annals of the cattle”.

At the annual Convention of the cattle breeders in 1908, the Minister for the Agriculture of Canada of the time, Mr. Sydney Fisher affirmed:

“I do not hesitate to proclaim that the Canadian cow is the best machine to make butter which is held on four legs. Each one can have its tastes and its preferences, but all those which know its good qualities, richness of its milk, the strength of its constitution and the facility with which it rises, will be of my opinion…”

During about fifteen years, until in 1914, Thomas Bassett Macaulay (vice-president of the SEBC, of 1906 with 1911) played a big role by amorçant a daring program of breeding based mainly on the controlled consanguineous coupling and intensive of the best subjects of the race. In the conclusion of its opuscule entitled The Rising Breed , T.B. Macaulay spoke in praise of Canadian and one can read there:

“the Canadians do not have any good reason to make come to high expenses, from abroad, the reproducers to improve their dairy cattle. They have ici-même a race which occupies the first rank among the dairy races of the world and which is intended to become the race par excellence. This race, it is Canadian. It with the symmetry of forms, an extremely vigorous constitution, a temperament soft, but nonlymphatic, an incomparable frugality allowing him to find its subsistence where another would suffer from malnutrition and to give profits with an ordinary food; it almost gives rich milk of a vêlage to the other. It is most advantageous for an ordinary farmer of this country. ”

Unfortunately, following a major conflict (war of religion kind) which developed within the direction of the SEBC, T.B. Macaulay left the SEBC.

Towards 1920, it put its talents at the service of the holstein. In a score of years, it developed a herd whose impact is reflected still today in the genealogy of all the subjects of race holstein of planet. It is astonishing all the same that, today in the United States as in Canada where the holstein is Master in fact of number and worldwide production, there exists very a strong demand for Canadian.

It is good to quote that, in 1940, at the time of a contest interraces, it is the Taureau of Canadian race “Maurice d' Etchemin” which gained the palm over all its candidates of races holstein and ayrshire. In 1946, with the royal Exposure of Toronto, it is the Canadian bull “Tixandre Ferme Central” (16 years old) which gained the great championship over a total of approximately 1.200 animals belonging to all the races.

the Gazette of the Campaigns (newspaper of Pocatière in Quebec) published in its number of the April 14th 1947 the record of dairy production of the cow “Beautiful-of-lake”, property of the Ursulines the Roberval one. Calved at 6 years, this cow made a lactation of 9.580 kilograms milk, 417 kilograms of fat contents (4,35%).

In the Years 1970, crossings carried out with Brown swiss are decided by the provincial government of the Quebec to improve the productivity. The number of individuals preserved in pure race decreases each year. Today, the essence of the livestock has genes of brown swiss. The most motivated stockbreeders seek the individuals more " archaïques" to preserve at this race its originality. The bulls must have 15/16e Canadian to be recorded. The individuals 100% Canadian, of which it hardly remains that 150 animals, are indexed to be reproduced and form a bank of sperm and embryos.

The December 15th 1999, the National Assembly of Quebec adopted the bill “199”, the “Law on the animal races of the farm holdings of Quebec”. Thus one indicated finally the race of cow known as “Canadian” like patrimonial race of Quebec. In France, it received in 2004 its code race number 92. What conferred the title of French official race to him, an important step taking into account the fact that France does not accept any more other bovine races. In an indirect way, this step contributes to its safeguarding, in particular in the event of epizooty in Quebec.

Morphology

It wears a dress which can be black, brown deer or russet-red. It is generally paler on the line of the back, around the boor and on the level of worse.

It is a race of intermediate size. The female weighs approximately 27 kilograms with the birth and reached 500 kilograms at the adulthood. As for the male, it weighs 32 kilograms with the birth and on average 750 kilograms with maturity.

Aptitude

It is an old multi-purpose race: milk, meat and labor force. Today, she was reconverted towards a production essentillement dairy. The official dairy production is approximately 6100 kg of Lait with rates of 4,33% in Fat contents and 3,61% in protein. With quantity equal to generally produced milk, its milk rich in multiple components is particularly developed by the formulas of payment of milk according to the components. The contents in Casein of its milk and the proteinic contents/fat contents represent particularly invaluable assets for the production and the manufacture of Fromage. The experts appreciate also his tender and tasty meat because of its spotted.

This cow adapts to the winter conditions while obtaining a fluffy fur which enables him to face the great colds. It is acclimatized also well to the tropical conditions, thanks to the color of its dress, its hair shining and fine, and with the pigmentation of its skin.

Canadian has an exceptional rusticity, fruit of a rigorous natural selection during several generations. It is equipped with a higher fertility which is shown daily in Artificial insemination for a rate of higher no return and by harvests of Embryon S also higher than the great dairy races. It calves easily, which avoids nights of day before to the stockbreeders. It is equipped with one at the same time soft and vigorous temperament. Nimble, it moves easily in rough ground. It is good brouteuse and is also recognized for its frugality. It develops well the bad soils with granitic basement. (ground acid and thin, with the vegetation coriace and poor)

This cow is equipped with qualities which were put out of night light following the development of industrial agriculture and more productive races, its assets again enable him to allure the stockbreeders.

Notes and references of the article

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