Camphor

The camphor is a solid aromatic compound resulting from the Camphrier. Camphor, of C10H16O formula, is white, volatile, of sharp odor. It is a Cétone from which one synthesizes the Bornéol and the Camphène. Quasi insoluble in the Water, it is soluble in the Solvant S organics.

The name comes from medieval Latin will camfora , coming from the Arab kafur , of the name Malayan kapur Barus which wants to say " chalk of Barus". The merchants Malayan who sold camphor to the traders come from India and of the the Middle East called it kapur because of its white color. Barus was the port on the west coast of the island Indonesia of Sumatra where the foreign merchants came to buy camphor.

Camphor is recovered by distillation of pieces of roots, stems or barks of the camphor tree. The sheets of certain plants, like the Matricaire S, contain the shape of camphor not marketed. Another shape, made up of an Isomer mixture of S, is in the oil of a Asian Chrysanthème , and is also synthesized for the majority of the commercial uses.

In Japan, one prepared camphor while making pass from the steam on chips of camphor tree (Laurus will camphora); camphor was then pulled by the vapor and came to condense on capitals of straw where it was collected. The rough camphor was thus obtained, which was exported, and which it was still necessary to purify by sublimating it in bell jars after having mixed it with 3 to 5% recently extinct lime. The balloons were then heated with great precautions, in a sand bath, while raising the temperature until 205° gradually. Camphor was sublimated then and come to form, in the upper part of the balloon a cluster which one recovered by breaking glass.

There also exists of many methods to synthesize camphor. One of them has as a starting point the gasoline of thérébentine or C10H16 pinene.

Chemical properties

Colorless, translucent, consistent mass crystalline with the touch, striped by the nail, of sharp odor, bitter, aromatic savor. Its density is of 0,992 with 10°. It is sublimated at the ordinary temperature (with the free air) because of its considerable vapor tension. Pure, it melts with 179,75°C and boils with 204°C.
It is soluble in 840 parts of water, insoluble in glycerin, soluble in 0,65 parts of alcohol with 95°, very soluble in ether, benzine, the acetic acid, oils and the gasolines. Its alcoholic solution is dextrogyre and the degree varies with the concentration and the source. The nitric acid transforms it into camphoric acid.

Camphor flaring with the air with a flame fuligineuse.
Although camphor can be used in the manufacture of explosives, it is not explosive him even: as very produced combustible volatile its vapors mixed with the air can explode.

Uses

Camphor is used in the production of the Celluloïd, of Explosif S, like in Médecine for its properties Antiseptique S and slightly anesthetic. However, camphor is a Poison when it is introduced in great quantities. Camphor is a Anaphrodisiaque HTTP: /www.dicoperso.com/term/adb1aea4acaea95f5c,,xhtml

The brothers Hyatt used it to make new balls of Billard.

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