Campeonato del balonmano de 1994 hombres europeos

Geography

Located in contact with the Aquitanian and of the the Pyrenees, to 50 km of the Spain, and with the confluence of two Gave S ( torrents , in the the Western Pyrenees). Capital the Top Béarn, the city is located at the birth of the three valleys of Haut-Béarn: the Valley of Winder, the Valley of Ossau and the Valley of Barétous.

Hydrography

The grounds of the commune are sprinkled by the Gave d' Oloron (affluent of the gave of Pau) formed in the city by the junction of the Gave d' Aspe and the Gave d' Ossau and by some of these affluents: the Green (and its tributaries, brooks the Littos, Coste-Darré and Bélandre), brooks the Auronce, the Escou, the Mielle, Laberou, of Lamiellotte, Arrigastou, Ascle, of Rachette and Termy.
Affluents of the gave of Winder, the brooks the Ourtau (and its tributary, the brook of Laguns), Branas also cross the commune.
The brook Lèze, tributary of the Luzoué and its affluent, the brook Artigaus are moreover present on the territory of the commune.

Localities and hamlets

Communes bordering

Esquiule, Moumour, Ledeuix, Estos, Cardesse, Monein, Goès, Précilhon, Escout, Herrère, Ogeu-the-Baths, Buziet, Arudy, Escot, Asasp-Arros, Lurbe-Saint-Christau, Eysus, Gurmençon, Bidos, Agnos, Ance and Féas.

Toponymy

The toponym Oloron appears in the forms Iluro (limits military), civitas Lurunensium: Elarona and civitas Elloronensium: Elinia (note of the provinces), Oloro civitas (506, Council of Agde), Loron (1009, cartulaire of Saint-Sever), Elloreus (1073, inscription of Moissac), Holorna (towards 1080, cartulaire of Morlaàs), Eleron (XIe century, cartulaire of Bigorre), Oleron (1208, titles of Barcelona), Olero (1212, Synod of Lavaur), Pagus Oloronensis (1235, reformation of Béarn), Feels-Grotz Oloron (1271, notaries of Oloron), Oleiron (1286, registers of Bordeaux), Olaro (XIIIe century, chronicle of the Albigensians), Diœcesis Oleronensis (1289), Oloronium (1290, titles of Béarn), Oloroo (1343, notaries of Pardies), Oron (XIVe, Jean Froissart, delivers III) and Loron (1442, contracts of Carresse).

The toponym Sainte-Marie appears in the forms Maria in Eleron (XIe century, cartulaire of Bigorre), Sancta-Maria de Olorno (1215, cartulaire of Oloron), Nostre-Gives of Lasee of Sancta-Maria and Nostre-Gives of Lassee to Feel-Marie (1466, notaries of Oloron) and Holy-Marie-Légugnon (since the meeting of Légugnon, from April 14th, 1841 to May 18th, 1858).

The toponym Légugnon appears in the forms Lugunhoo (1375, contracts of Luntz), Lugunhon (XIVe century, censier of Béarn), Sanctus-Johannes de Legunhon and Sanctus-Petrus de Legunhon (respectively 1612 and 1619, insinuations of the diocese of Oloron).

History

Roman creation at the 1st century of our era on the way of the Collar of Somport, it owes its name, Iluro , with the related Aquitanian people with the Ibères. Established essentially in Sainte-Marie on the alluvial terrace on which the future cathedral will be established, it is also a Citadelle equipped with ramparts on the hillock of Holy-Cross of Oloron. The headland of Holy-Cross is the oppidum. In 506, Gratus, first bishop known attends the Council of Agde and becomes Saint-Grat, whose festival today is still celebrated with the autumn.

The great invasions will plunge the history of Iluro in the lapse of memory. But about 1058, it would seem that some habitats remained because the bishop Etienne de Lavedan is installed on the alluvial terrace where a vault dedicated to the Virgin is still drawn up. In 1080, the Viscount Centulle V the Young person comes to build the new town of Oloron (medieval name derived from Iluro) on old the oppidum Roman.

In these medieval times, no other site could be surer than this headland bordered on the East-West sides by rivers. This Viscount incites the populations to come to reside and trade in Oloron by founding legal privileges and economic contents in the act of “poblacion” (or settlement), privileges which will be taken again and reinforced in 1220 thus creating the For d' Oloron , oldest of Béarn.

Meanwhile, the old city of Iluro reappears of its ashes and bears from now on the name of its cathedral, Sainte-Marie.

The descendants of the Viscount got busy with the construction of the monuments on their return of the Reconquista or the Croisades. However, in 1214, Gaston VI Moncade had to yield the grounds of Sainte-Marie, then later, those of the surrounding villages to the bishops, because it was compromised with the Albigensians heretics.

In 1385, Oloron counted 366 fires, Légugnon 11 and Sainte-Marie 85. Paul Raymond note that Légugnon counted a laic abbey, vassal of the Viscount of Béarn.

One then attends a separation of the two parts: Oloron , viscontal city and Sainte-Marie , episcopal city, which becomes rival during approximately eight centuries, Sainte-Marie economically remaining dependant on Oloron. At the 13th century, benefitting from the Albigensian Crusade, the bishop obtains the seigniory on Sainte-Marie and his Hameau of Saint-Pée; Oloron makes widen its Privilège S with its fort, then is seen equipped with an enclosure and from two Pont S. At the 14th century and 15th century, it obtains right of Marché and of Foire S and its growth to the creation of Faubourg S. It leads is soon the economic capital of the Béarn, thanks to its transit trade with Spain and with the rise of sound Artisanat Textile.

The Wars of religion then the Révolution suspend this prosperity twice. The competition between the two cities ends only with the meeting of Sainte-Marie with Oloron, imposed in 1858 by the Second Empire, supporting the arrival of the railroad in 1883 and the substitution of the Industrie to the craft industry.

It should be noted that, from October 11th, 1795 to March 5th, 1796, Oloron had the statute of chief town of the department of the Low-Pyrenees which Pau held.

Oloron, Légugnon and Sainte-Marie linked on May 18th, 1858.

Heraldic

Administration

The commune one of the urban surfaces French, continuous of common is together consisted by a urban Pôle (agglomeration offering at least 5.000 employment) and adjacent communes (the Couronne périurbaine) of which at least 40% of the population resident active work in the urban Pôle or this couronne.
The commune has a court of the arbitration.
A Group of alpine gendarmerie is stationed there.

Intercommunality

The common one belongs to six inter-commune structures:

the Community of communes of Piedmont Oloronais
SIVU of clipping of believed of Agnos
trade union AEP of Ogeu-the-Baths
trade union of television of Oloron-Valley of Winder
departmental trade union of electrification
intercommunity association of studies and installations of the catchment area of the Green and of its affluents

Twinning

, located in the province of Aragon on other side of the Pyrenees. The historical links between the two cities are very strong and today still they appear on multiple occasions throughout the year. Until 2005, the two cities in turn accommodated the international festival of folklore of the Pyrenees.

Demography

Economy

The economy oloronaise rests mainly on two prestigious companies:

Lindt & Sprüngli: manufacture of chocolate, in particular of famous the Pyrenean .
Messier-Dowty : this company, established with Bidos, manufactures landing gears.

But Oloron is also known as being the capital of the Basque Béret, which as its name does not indicate it is of origin inhabitant of Béarn. Formerly flourishing, this activity underwent full whip the crisis of textile industry. Today, there remains only one company, Béatex, employing approximately 80 people, under the mark Pierre Laulhère.
The common one also has a strongly agricultural activity (breeding, mixed-farming, corn).

Center of economic activities of Oloron-Holy-Marie of the Chamber of commerce and industry Pau Béarn.

Culture and inheritance

The city obtained the label Ville of art and history in November 2006.
The Festival of the film Web amateur takes place each year in spring with Oloron-Holy-Marie. Its objective is to show on big screen best court-measurings amateurs diffused on Internet and to reward the talent and inventiveness for their young realizers.

Civil inheritance

the tower of Grède dates from the Moyen-Âge.

the old town hall and prison, classified with the historic buildings since 1987.
the ramparts
the castle of Légugnon dates from XVIe century.
the building of the street Pomone dates from the XVIIe century and is classified historic building since 1943.
the park Pommé
the house of the Inheritance
the symposium of contemporary sculptures

Religious heritage

the cathedral Sainte-Marie
the church Holy-Cross of Oloron
the church Notre-Dame date completion of the XIXe century.
the Saint-Pierre church dates from the XIXe century.
the old Sainte-Marie seminar dates from the XVIIIe century and is registered with the historic buildings since 1976.

The commune is located on the Via Tolosane (or Toulouse way ), Latin name of one of the four ways of France of the Pèlerinage of Saint-Jacques-to-Compostelle.

Environmental inheritance

The common one was rewarded for three flowers to the Concours for the cities and flowered villages 2006.

Sport

Clubs and sports equipment

the Football club oloronais is a general sports club and its section Rugby is a club of Rugby to XV French evolving/moving in 2007-2008 in Fédérale 1 (D3).

Equipment

The commune has two elementary schools, of an elementary school, two colleges (colleges Tristan Derême and of Cordelliers), of a college (college Jules Supervielle), of two vocational schools (Guynemer colleges and the IV September 1870) and of a college of vocational training agricole.
The commune has a school Calandreta ( Calandreta Auloronesa ).
It has an airport (aerodrome of Oloron- Herrère).

Personalities related to the commune

Mr. de Tréville, of its true name Jean-Armand of Peyrer, count de Tréville (or of Troisville), French officer born in Oloron in 1598, lieutenant-commander of the company of the Musketeer S under Louis XIII.
Barthelemy-Jean-Baptist Sanadon was a constitutional bishop and a deputy with Convention, born on February 5th, 1729 with Évreux (the Eure) and deceased on February 9th, 1795 with Oloron-Holy-Marie.
Paul-Marie Leroy is a French engineer, born about 1733 with Guyancourt (Yvelines) and deceased on January 2nd, 1795 in Oloron-Holy-Marie. Its major work is the installation of the Chemin of the Mast of Pact, opposite the Fort of Portalet, extraordinary technical exploit for the time, which allowed the exploitation of the Forêt of Pact of 1774 to 1778.
Antoine Germain Labarraque (1777-1850), pharmacist, inventor of Liquor of Labarraque, a disinfectant, which is the bleach.
Vastin Lespy (1817-1897), author of about fifty works (Grammar and dictionary inhabitant of Béarn, Sayings and proverbs…). He is buried with the old cemetery of Holy-Cross in the tomb of the " family; of Dufourcq/Galtier d' Auriac"
Louis Barthou (1862-1934) politician and academician, born in Oloron, was assassinated with Marseilles.
Xavier Navarrot, poet republican chansonnier, January 1799 - December 1862.
Jacques Dyssord (1880-1952), poet and writer. A street of the city bears its name.
Jules Supervielle (1884-1960), poet, novelist and playwright, rests in his cemetery.
Tristan Derème born with Marmande in 1889 and died in Oloron-Holy-Marie in 1941 is a Poète French.
Jean Mendiondou is a French politician born on June 25th, 1885 in Oloron-Holy-Marie and died on October 26th, 1961 with Biarritz.
André S. Labarthe is a critic, producer, realizer and French scenario writer born on December 18th, 1931 in Oloron-Holy-Marie.
Alain Maleig was born on July 10th, 1952 in Oloron-Holy-Marie. It is a former player of Rugby to XV, which played with the team of France and the Stadoceste tarbais
Bernard Becaas is an old runner cyclist French, born on May 23rd, 1955 in Oloron-Holy-Marie and deceased on August 25th, 2000 with Lasseube.
Michel Lenient, was born on November 3rd, 1955 in Oloron-Holy-Marie. It is a former player of Rugby to XV, which played with the team of France and FC Oloron.
David Laperne is a French player of Rugby to XV, born on September 13rd, 1972 in Oloron-Holy-Marie.
Antoine Vignau-Tuquet born on July 27th, 1981 in Oloron-Holy-Marie, is a player of Rugby to XV and seven French which evolves/moves at the back station of , half center or of opening within the manpower of the US Dax.
Guillaume Bergos, born in Oloron-Holy-Marie on October 2nd, 1983, is a player of Rugby to XV evolving/moving at the station of pillar.
Stéphan Vitalla, born on March 23rd, 1984 in Oloron-Holy-Marie, is a player of Rugby to XV evolving/moving at the post of talonnor.

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