Camille Pissarro

See also: Pissarro

Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro (July 10th 1830 - November 13rd 1903) is an impressionist painter then neo-impressionist French, father of Lucien Pissarro.

Its life, its work

Camille Pissaro was born with Saint Thomas, a Danish island of the Antilles where his/her parents had a flourishing company of hardware in the wearing of Charlotte-Amélie, which confers Danish nationality to him that it will keep all his life. His/her Frederic father of Portuguaise origin but born in Bordeaux east of French nationality. In 1841, at twelve years, it left to study in France with Passy with the Savary pension, then turns over in 1847 in its native island or there will remain five years to be worked in the family trade. In 1852, it leaves for Caracas to Venezuela with a friend: Fritz Melbye which was a Danish artist and which will mark its destiny deeply. It there will remain until 1854 painting and drawing and will return to Saint-Thomas during one year in the family company. Mid-September 1855, year of the World Fair, it unloads with Paris to study there. It will never go back to Americas. In Paris he is confronted with the complexity of the Parisian artistic world: its living rooms, its exposures, its academies, its choices and its contradictions. He meets there Corot, a painter French landscape designer with whom he studies, discovers Delacroix, Courbet, Ingres, Daubigny. He works then in the workshop of Anton Melbye (brother of Fritz) and painted on the reason with Montmorency. Between 1859 and 1861, it attends various Academies and meets Ludovic Piette, Claude Monet, then Cézanne and Guillaumin. In 1863, Cézanne and Zola visit its workshop with the Game preserve (Val de Marne), and, in 1865, it remains with the Rock-Guyon. Pissaro saw with Pontoise 1866 with 1869 in an episodical way. Its financial position is difficult, it paints signs to make live its family. In 1869, he lives with Louveciennes and must flee and to give up its workshop in front of the advance of the Prussian troops, he takes refuge with Montfoucault at Piette and share for London where he finds Daubigny and Monet; he becomes acquainted with the merchant Durand-Ruel. Of return to Louveciennes he discovers that its workshop was plundered and that there remains to him nothing any more but one forty fabrics on nearly thousand five hundreds. He settles in Pontoise in 1872 and will remain there until in 1882. In 1879, Gauguin, which bought fabrics to him, comes to work with him in Pontoise. He collaborates with Degas in the field of engraving and during the summer 1881, Cézanne, Gauguin, Guillaumin, are in Pontoise at its sides. Pissarro takes part in all the impressionist exposures and becomes little by little a patriarch of the movement, but in a great freshness of spirit and with a constant renewal.

In December 1882, it settles with Osny in the suburbs of Pontoise, not being able more to find to rent a house which is appropriate to him for a price raisonnable.
Known as one of the “fathers of impressionism”, it painted the French rural life, in particular landscapes and scenes representing of the peasants working in the fields “Study of Apple trees with Eragny” (1892). Famous are also its scenes of Montmartre. In Paris, he taught inter alia with Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Jean Peské.

Friend of Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne, Pissarro had taken part in the famous Salon of Refused the of 1863 and belonged to the group of the Impressionniste S. Amoureux with nature, it privileged the landscapes of countryside and the scenes of agricultural work, which inspired to him, particularly between 1872 and 1884 his best fabrics: the Harvest with Montfoucault , the red Roofs , Spring with Pontoise … It is dependant close with the young neo-impressionist artists, primarily Gauguin, Luce, Signac and Seurat. In 1885, the artist had met Georges Seurat and had been filled with enthusiasm for its technique of Pointillisme, which it applied in his turn, before finding a freedom of expression closer to his lyric and generous temperament. By his/her Lucien son, bench in London, it is in contact with the British avant-garde.

Despite everything, success, even relative, arriving on late, it could buy a house with Éragny-on-Epte where it spent its last years. He dies in Paris in 1903.

Family

Several descendants of Camille Pissarro chose to follow the example of their grandfather and to become painters in their turn. His/her children Lucien Pissarro (1863-1944), Georges Henri Pissarro (known as Manzana, 1871-1961), Felix Pissarro (1874-1897), Ludovic Rodo Pissarro (1878-1952) and Paul-Emile Pissarro (known as Paulémile, 1884-1972). Then Orovida Camille Pissarro (1893-1968), girl of Lucien, Hugues Claude Pissarro (born in 1935) and Yvon Pissarro (1937), both wire of Paul-Emile, and Lélia Pissarro (born in 1963), girl of Hugues Claude. Between Ludovic-Rodo and Paul-Emile was born Jeanne Pissarro (1881-1948) mother from the painters Henri Bonin-Pissarro says BOPI (1918-2003) and Claude Bonin-Pissarro born in 1921 father of Frederic Bonin-Pissarro born in 1964 painter also.

Julie Vellay is girl of a Burgundian wine grower. Controlling in the parents of Camille, it enters in household with him in 1860 and will be used initially to him as model. They will marry at the time of a civil ceremony with Croydon in England in 1871, whereas Julie carried their fourth child. The couple had in all 8 children.

Works

Pontoise in the work of Pissarro

  • Quay of Pothuis, edges of Oise , (1882), Museum Malraux, Le Havre.
  • a crossroads with the Hermitage, Pontoise , (1876), Museum Malraux, Le Havre.
  • Road of Saint-Anthony to the Hermitage, Pontoise , 1875, Basle, Kunstmuseum.
  • the Pre one of Mathurins to the Hermitage, Pontoise, 1875-1877, Moscow, Pouchkine Museum.
  • the path of the gully, seen Hermitage, 1875-1877, particular Collection.
  • Landscape underwood with the Hermitage, 1879, etching and aquatinte, Paris, National library.
  • the Flood, Saint-Ouen-the Alms, 1873, particular Collection.
  • Flood in Pontoise , 1882, particular Collection.
  • Landscape with the Rough grazings, 1867, particular Collection.
  • Seen Hermitage, Coast of Jallais, Pontoise, circa 1867, Zurich Rau Foundation for the Third world.
  • the Hermitage in Pontoise, 1867, Cologne, Wallraf-Richards-Museum.
  • Gardens of the Hermitage, Pontoise, circa 1867, Prague, Narodni Galeri.
  • Slopes of the Hermitage, Pontoise, circa 1867, New York, Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum.
  • the Court of Pontoise , 1873, Basle, Rau Collection.
  • the Coast of Jallais, Pontoise, 1867, New York, Metropolitan Museum off Article
  • the Market of Pontoise, 1886, feather and ink, New York, Metropolitan Museum off Article
  • the Market with the pigs, Saint Martin's day fair, Pontoise, 1886, feather and ink, Paris, Museum of Louvre, Cabinet of the drawings.
  • Gone in the poultry, Pontoise, 1882, softening and pastel, particular Collection, the USA.
  • the Market of Pontoise, 1895, Nelson-Atkins Museum off Art, Kansas City.
  • the Market with the grains in Pontoise, 1893, particular Collection.
  • the Market with potatoes, boulevard of the Ditches in Pontoise, 1882, gouache, particular Collection.
  • the Coast of Oxen, 1877, London, National Gallery.
  • the Hermitage, Pontoise, effect of snow, 1874, Havard University, Cambridge, Fogg Art Museum.
  • the Small Bridge, Pontoise, 1875, Mannheim, Kunsthalle.
  • Garenne in Pontoise, effect of snow, 1879, The Art Institute off Chicago.
  • the Peak of Cabbage, Pontoise, 1879, Wildenstein & Co, New York.
  • Feels It Cabbage, Pontoise, 1878, Douai, Musée of Chartreuse.
  • Street of the Citadel, Pontoise, 1873, particular Collection.
  • Apple tree under the sun, Pre under the sun , Museum Faure of Aix-the-Baths, (Savoy) France

Other places


Notes and references

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