Camille Flammarion

Camille Flammarion (born Nicolas Camille Flammarion the February 26th 1842 with Montigny-the-King (Haute-Marne), France - June 3rd 1925 with Juvisy-sur-Orge, France) was an astronomer French. He was a very active member of many learned societies and associations for the popularization of the positive Sciences. Its scientific discoveries placed it and still maintain it in XXIe century in the forefront of the French popularizers. It has, by the mystical and spiritistic sides of some of its works, addition with the notoriety of its name.

Biography

He was brother of Ernest Flammarion (1846-1936), founder of the Librairie Flammarion/Éditions Flammarion. He was initially intended by his family at the ecclesiastical state and began his studies with the seminar of Langres. He finished them in Paris in 1858, year to which he is received “raises astronomer” with the imperial Observatoire of Paris where he was attached to the Bureau of longitudes. He remained four years there before being returned by his director Urbain the Glassmaker because of the publication of the work: the plurality of the inhabited worlds. Succeeding the Moigno abbot then, it entered to the drafting of the review Cosmos . It is in this newspaper that it made to a campaign against the administration of Urbain the Glassmaker.

In 1865, he became scientific writer of the newspaper the Century . During this time, it made many public conferences on the main subjects of popular astronomy. In 1868, he undertook some rises in Ballon in order to study the hygrometrical state and the direction of the airstreams of the atmosphere. April 2nd, 1869, he pronounces the funeral praise of Allan Kardec and affirms that “the spriritism is a science not a religion”.

He marries Sylvie Petiaux in 1874.

He founded in 1883 the Observatoire of Juvisy-sur-Orge, where a street received its name.

In 1887, it founded the astronomical Société of France, from which he was the first president and of which he directed the monthly bulletin.

In 1892 was published one of its works, heading the Planet Mars and its conditions of habitability , in which it showed, by detailed analyzes and observations, which the planet Mars had of the channels and the Mer S, putting forth even the assumption that the red planet would be perhaps inhabited by “a race higher than ours”.

In January 1881, it receives the Légion of honor for this work of popularization of the Astronomie.

In 1919, it marries Gabrielle Renaudot, its assistant, after the death of his first wife.

Its name was given to a crater on the the Moon.

It was the first to suggest the names of Triton, the moon of Neptune, and Amalthée, the moon of Jupiter, whereas these names are officially adopted only decades later.

Work scientific

Camille Flammarion studies the impact of the Sun on the Plante S and studies the solar Cycle. It shows that the sunspots appear at the time when activated is maximum.

With the Observatory of Juvisy-sur-Orge, he engages Eugene Antoniadi with which he studies the planet Mars and his “channels”.

Works

Camille Flammarion wrote about fifty works, among which:

inhabitants of the other world; revelations of in addition to-fall published by Camille Flammarion, communications dictated by struck blows and the mediumnic writing with the living room Mount-Thabor, medium Miss Huet , At Ledoyen, bookseller editor, Paris. First series 1862. Second series 1863
the Plurality of the inhabited worlds (1862), work which was translated in a crowd of languages (in the edition of 1877 published at Didier in Paris the title is: the plurality of the inhabited worlds: study where one exposes the conditions of habitability of the celestial grounds discussed to the point of view of astronomy, physiology and natural philosophy . This edition, inter alia engravings, comprises in frontispiece, the aspects of the Earth and Mars. In contents: Historical studies, planetary worlds, physiology of the beings, skies, humanity in the universe, appendix.)
imaginary Worlds and the real-worlds (1864)
Of the unknown natural forces; in connection with the phenomena produced by the brothers Davenport and médiums in general, critical Study by Hermes (pseudonym of the author). Didier and Co Paris, (1865)
celestial worlds (1865)
Studies and readings on astronomy (9 volumes, 1866 - 1880)
God in nature (1866)
scientific Contemplations (1870 - 1887, 2 series)
air Voyages (1870)
the Atmosphere (1871)
Accounts of infinite the (1872)
History of the sky (1872 )
Accounts of infinite, Lumen, history of a comet (1872)
In infinite the (1872)
Life of Copernic (1873)
Grounds of the sky (physical description of planets of our sky) (1877)
celestial Atlas (1877)
Charts of the Moon and the planet Mars (1878)
Catalog of double stars moving (1878)
sidereal Astronomie (catalogs double stars and multiples) (1879)
popular Astronomy (general description of the sky) (1880, crowned by the Montyon price of the French Academy)
stars and curiosities of the sky (1881), edition with engravings
Le Monde before the creation of the man , (1886), origin of the world, the life, of humanity, edition with engravings
In the sky and on the Earth (1886)
Comets, stars and the planets (1886)
During these years, it published a series of charts, spheres and planispheres giving the position of stars. A great number of memories published in the reports of the Academy of Science in particular on the tasks of the sun, the mountains of the moon.
Uranie (1889)
Centralization and discussion of all the observations made over Mars (2 vol., 1892 - 1902)
the end of the world (1894)
psychic unknown and problems, demonstrations of dying. Appearances. Telepathy. Psychic communications. Mental suggestion. Remote sight. The world of the dreams. Divination of the future. E.Flammarion, Paris, (1900), edition supplemented in (1911) and in (1917).
Imperfections of the calendar (1901)
Phenomena of the lightning (1905)
Atmosphere and great phenomena of nature (1905)
unknown natural Forces (1907)
biographical and philosophical Memories of an astronomer (1911)
Death and its mystery: T.I, before death (1920)
Death and its mystery: T. II, around dead the (1921)
Death and its mystery: T. III, after death (1922)
haunted Houses: in margin of “death and its mystery” (1923)
Presidential discourse in Society for mediumnic Psychical Research followed by Tests (1923)

In 2005, was published Fantômes and observational sciences ; this work was practically finished at the time of its death and was not appeared at the time.

He also wrote an incalculable number of articles in various erudite reviews, of which Astronomy , the Scientific magazine , Nature and illustrated Science .

See too

External bonds

most of works of Flammarion in format pdf at the National library of France.
Page of the ministry for the French culture on Flammarion
Biography
Reform project of the calendar

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