Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun (rear RTL كميلنمرشمعون) was born the April 3rd 1900 with Deir-el-Qamar with the Lebanon in a family from Christian confession Maronite. He died the August 7th 1987 with Beirut. He was president of the Republic of Lebanon of 1952 with 1958, and one of the Christian main leaders during the civil war.

Beginnings

He leaves in France and made studies right. He was elected with the Lebanese Parlement in 1934, 1937 and 1943 under French mandate. He is arrested the November 11th 1943 and is imprisoned in the Château of Rashaïa with Béchara el-Khoury and Riyadh be-Solh. November 22nd, is 11 days after, of the massive public protests releases it. The Lebanese one regard this date as the day of the independence of Lebanon.

Chamoun is then re-elected in 1947 and 1951. Often absent, he was ambassador with the the United Kingdom of 1944 with 1946, then with the the United Nations.

Presidency

Chamoun is selected to replace El-Khoury in 1952. During the civil war of 1958, it calls upon the American forces which unload in Beirut. One reproached him for not taking Lebanese account of the Moslems. Fouad Chéhab, Maronite him also (the president is obligatorily Maronite in Lebanon), is selected to replace Chamoun because this last enjoys a considerable popularity among Moslems Lebanese. It is the end of the mandate of Chamoun.

The Liberal National Party

After its resignation in 1958, Chamoun founded the left national liberal (Noumour Al-Ahrar) the same year. He is re-elected with the National Assembly in 1960 until in 1964, then he is re-elected in 1968 and 1972 (the last until the end of the civil war). After the election of 1968, the national liberal party held 11 seats out of 99, becoming the greatest simple part in the manifestly broken National Assembly. Even if the party is said laic, he asks an importance major of the Christians Lebanese, in particular of the Maronites.

Civil war

At the beginning of the war, Chamoun and its party create the militia of the " tigers " (in Arabic, numūr). It returns in the block Christians dominated by the Kataëb. It amalgamates with the other Christian militia to form the Lebanese Forces.

In 1980, the general base of the PNL is destroyed by a surprised attack of the Christian rival of Chamoun, Bashir Gemayel, and Lebanese Forces however under its order. In 1982, during the invasion israëlienne, it is combined with this last.

End of its life

In 1984, Chamoun joined the National government of Unit as Deputy Prime Minister. He dies on August 7th, 1987, at the 87 years age. His/her son Dany replaces it with the head of the party until his assassination in 1990, and its second wire Dory replaces Dany.

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