Calvignac is a common French, located in the department of the Lot and the area the Midday-Pyrenees.
Geography
History
In Latin, of Calviniaco, of the same Chauvigny in Berry. It is probable that this place was inhabited of very good hour: its splendid position on the loop that describes the Batch opposite Larnagol and which made it possible only one guard to supervise the river and the plain upstream and downstream reviewed splendid defense of it, much more interesting than Montbrun or than Cénevières. I do not speak about the remainder of the commune where one finds many dolmens, where was one second parish, for a long time disappeared.
The seigniory
One includes/understands without sorrow that the lord of the manor of Calvignac could be a vicar of the count de Quercy, a Viscount of Calvignac, not less important than that of Saint-Cirq Popie, but perhaps besides pertaining to the same family.
Indeed, one finds, in 1054, a Boson, Viscount at the same time of Saint-Cirq and Calvignac which homage to the bishop of Cahors for the Viscount of Brassac. One knows neither how these Viscounts owed this homage, nor how they were at the same time lords of the manor of Viscounts on the Batch and the Dordogne. They would have become it like successors of this Viscount, Frotard, which gives to the abbey of Aurillac the curtis which was to become the monastery of Souillac with possessions that it has in his vicairies of Creysse, Brassac, Calvignac and saint-Sozi.
The name of Calvignac is, about same time, in other documents, but we do not believe that it is about ours. Surely it is question of Calvignac of the surroundings of Fons (current commune of Fons) in Calviniaco several times mentioned in the charter of donation, more or less authentic of Ranulphe (of Castelnau?) in favor of the abbey of Figeac and priory of Fons (see this name): very mansos in Calviniaco, vineam meam of Calviniaco mansum of Calviniaco.
The will of Ingelbert, archdeacon of Cahors, names among the legatees the Viscount Frotard “Frotardo vicecomiti” and continuous: Dono filio meo Grimoardo Calviniaco and Carbonaco and illa Roca de Lozer. But perhaps is necessary it to include/understand Calvignac (Labastide of the Green or Luzech), Combressac (Puy-L' Evêque) and to read the castling of Luzet which would be Luzech. In any case, nothing good Net.
A. Lacabane, which quotes this text includes/understands by this word vicairies simple particular possessions, managed by private vicars, and not true vicairies old. He says elsewhere: “The title of Viscount of Cahors (in the act above, there is only Viscount) or of Quercy given to Frotard, having had to cease on the head of Guillaume his grandson, alive into 990, their descendants transferred it onto the seigniories of Brassac and Calvignac of which they said Viscounts to XIè and XIIè centuries.
The life of the Happy Bertrand de Griffeuil teaches us that with the prayer of the Viscount of Calvignac, the monk founded in 1151, close to the church to Brengues, on the edges of That the monastery called Espagnac. The armorial bearings of the family of Calvignac were “of ..... with the band of ........ with the edge of ....... charged with billets”. It is of such weapons that one notices on the shield of the knight whose statue is in one of the enfeus of the church of Espagnac (see Espagnac-Holy-Eulalie). Which was this Viscount of Calvignac which was all in all the first founder of this monastery and of which this statue with preserved the memory? If he were at the same time Viscount of Brassac, we have to choose between the various members of this family about which the cartulaire speaks about Aubazine, which lived about the middle of XIIè century: Bloson and Eble (1148), Raymond, wire of this last (1173); Guillaume, his brother (1161 and 1163).
The act of homage of the Viscount of Turenne, in 1190, with the bishop of Cahors for Brassac, teaches us that this seigniory had been sold to him by Guillaume de Calvignac and his brother Raymond de Brassac (see Montvalent). From this sale, says Mr. Lacabane, the former Viscounts of Brassac took the title of Viscounts of Calvignac.
It is seen, by the foundation of Espagnac, that the title of Viscount of Calvignac is former to this sale. Undoubtedly the count of Cahors, Frotard, gives into approximately 960 to the monastery incipient from Souillac or rather to the abbey of Aurillac for this monastery of the possessions in the area from Brassac, but that teaches us only that the count of Cahors was to be the count of all Quercy.
In 1249, Dorde, Viscount of Calvignac, is among those which lend oath of fidelity between the hands of the police chiefs of the Blanche queen, and in 1259, it lends effective oath to the count Alphonse of Poitiers. This name of Dorde (Déodat, Dieudonné) very often returns in the family. It must be indeed another Dorde which makes in 1280, with noble Hugues of Castling, wire of Fortanier de Gourdon, a compromise to which takes share on its side Hugues de Cardaillac Brengues. It is under one of both that (1267) a complaint of Dorde Barasc is placed at the count Alphonse of what the seneshal condemned his sergeants to 20 books of fine to have carried the weapons in the dependences of the castrum of Calvignac. He said to have the right of it; what seems to indicate that it was about the village of Neule (close Larnagol, and formerly parish) which belonged to the Viscount indeed, as show it various homages to the bishop of Cahors.
We will give some details on the family of Calvignac according to an inventory of the documents of the lords of Cénevières. It is seen that in 1280, Dorde II and his/her Guillaume son sold certain grounds to noble Arnaud and Bertrand of Popie. Guillaume, Viscount of Calvignac, exchange some ground, in 1302, with Bertrand de Gourdon; this one had, some time before, makes an acquisition of a certain Guillaume Gralhe, castrum of Calvignac. The Guillaume Viscount had a son of the name of Dorde, unless it is not about some brother, married with one of Popie: an act of 1314 gives Bertrand and GUI of Popie as tutors of the children of their nephew Dorde III, Viscount of Calvignac. In this case, that one cannot be same as Déodat IV of Calvignac, named among the witnesses of the act of exchange passed in Avignon, between Hugues de Cardaillac-Brengues and the knights of Tronquière, in 1318. This one is mentioned in the registers of the apostolic room, like one of the riders of the court of Jean XXII, but only in 1316 and 1317. Its service having retained it at the end of 1317, it cannot answer the convocation of noble made by Philippe Length and the Pope wrote to the king to excuse it. Jean XXII sent it little time afterwards to Paris to announce the next canonization of Louis saint of Anjou, bishop of Toulouse. In 1321, it hommageait with the bishop of Cahors for the ground of Calvignac.
It was to be, him, wire of Guillaume and Alasie (or Alazays). It is seen, in 1327, with his mother viscountess de Calvinhac, with the lawsuit with Aymeric of Popie, disagreement which was regulated by the arbitration of noble Gme Athon de Caylux. They were territories in Toulzanie.
In 1331, Alasie, widow of Guillaume of Toulzanie, Dorde his son, husband of Barrave, obtained a bubble of plenary indulgence in articulo mortis. Dorde IV had to die little of time after, since we see in 1333, Géraud Rossignol to sell a ground in the parish the Horned ones in the capacity as tutor of the children of Dorde, Viscount of Calvignac.
The files vaticanes give us like his/her brothers several ecclesiastics or monk, Ratier, monk of Figeac; Guillaume, prior of Villeneuve in Rouergue; Raymond, archpriest of Gignac and canon of Boundary-line, Aymeric, which died in 1348 canon of Agde (In 1318, Aymeric and Raymond de Calvignac, brothers, sold a ground in St Martin Labouval to Bertrand of Popie, of Cénevières). Most probably Aigline de Calvignac, widow, in 1342, of Guillaume de Brengues (Berenchis), condemned for heresy, which lived the castle of Durfort in the jurisdiction of Cestairols in Albigensian, was a sister of Dorde IV.
It had to be the father of Guillaume II of Calvignac, Viscount of Calvignac and coseignor of Saint-Cirq Popie in 1350. It is quoted in an act concerning the jurisdiction of Caylus: our local authors do not mention it: “noble Guillaume, Viscount, lord of the castrum of Calvinhac and coseignor of the castrum of Saint Cirq it Popie, is it says in an act, holds in the châtellenie of Caylus, for an income of 400 pounds”. Dorde V, which we find in 1359et 1362, must be the son of Guillaume. It took with the lords of Quercy a big part to the war and had, for its part gratification which was granted to them by the lieutenant of the king, the sum of one hundred ecus gold. It gave receipt of it on May 6th, 1359. But it benefitted from the war to hold to ransom or even plunder the merchants who followed the course of the river. The two sides belonged to him, since it held Neules and even Larnagol (at this date) on a side and Calvignac of the other. It removed a large quantity of corn that merchants of Cahors brought by water. The consuls claimed ten thousand books of damages. By act of Nov. 13, 1361, the Viscount committed himself regulating the thing with them by amicable agreement. And the thing was regulated with its advantage: he promised to be close good, to leave unrestricted passage to the merchants of Cahors by water and ground, and the consuls made him given of what they claimed to him. We suppose that it had returned corn.
His/her daughter, her single heiress, married Raymond de Caussade, lord of Puycornet, a family who said to the time of Alphonse of Poitiers, to be attached to Durfort.
This name of Raymond is frequent in this family. In 1375, Raymond II of Caussade gave to stronghold, in the name of his mother, viscountess de Calvignac (it is mentioned in the registers of Cajarc like giving warnings to the city on the approach of the English (1367). We call his son Raymond II, as being the second Raymond de Caussade, lord of Calvignac), the grounds of Calvignac and received the recognitions of the feudatories (In 1377, it hommageait with the abbot of Moissac for the castle of Durfort).
Raymond II is known in the history of Quercy under the name of lord de Puycornet: he plays a big role in the One hundred year old war, especially because he strongly held the passage of the batch by Calvignac and Larnagol (see Puycornet).
His/her son Jean de Caussade or of Puycornet was also a remarkable combatant. In 1422, it makes a donation with the abbey of Marcilhac for the rest of the heart of his Raymond father, and his mother Marguerite de Comminges.
We think that Jean de Caussade that we find in 1450, threatened of excommunication to have taken goods belonging to the prioress of Lissac and who took in 1466 the party of the count d' Armagnac and was stopped by the seneshal to have hesitated to lend to the king the oath fidelity is a son or a grandson of the precedent.
In 1503, Raymond III of Caussade homage to the king and counts the places of Puycornet, Calvignac, Crégols, Berganty, Larnagol, St Chels, the coseigneurie of Fumel, of Belfort, of Tool bags, Durfort. In 1540 or 1543, Jean de Caussade makes in the same way but it specifies that Calvignac is held in homage of the bishop.
In 1579, lord Louis de Caussade, Viscount of Calvignac, lord of… Saint-Maigrin, sold with repurchase, for 12 years (6666 ecus of gold and 2/3), in Giron Dadines, sior of Hauteserre, the grounds of Calvignac and of Larnagol, at least the revenues which rose on these grounds but it had to repurchase them at the limit. Lacoste thinks that the ground of Larnagol had passed from the house of Puycornet in that of Beraldi (Cessac, Cazillac) since 1472; the acts above of 1503,1543,1579 prove the opposite. The lords of Calvignac remained lords of Larnagol, and the lords of Calvignac are still some time the lords of the baron de Puycornet. Lacoste had to make a mistake in the date.
In 1624, one finds Charles de Cazillac, baron de Cessac, with the title of Viscount of Larnagol and Calvignac. The baron had had to acquire of it of the heirs to the bishop Antoine d' Hébrard de Saint-Sulpice, who says to have acquired this seigniory, as besides that of Puycornet (which it bequeathed to his nephew Pons de Lauzières-Thémines). It appears that it had had Calvignac and its dependences at the time of the payment of the succession of his Bertrand brother; but we do not know how this one had become Viscount.
At all events, in 1638, lord François de Cazillac, baron de Cessac, wire of Charles, sold the Viscount and his dependences (Horned, St Martin Labouval, Toulzanie, Cayre, etc) to lord Charles of the Tower of Gouvernet, lord of Cénevières, and the ground of Larnagol with Mr. de Laporte, of Figeac. One sees by this act what were to pay the corn inhabitants, gélines, wax, operations, and for the fouage. Calvignac was sold 60750 pounds.
The Viscount follows from now on the vicissitudes of the marquisat of Cénevières. We will say only that the marquis de Cénevières, being calvinist, refused the homage due to the bishop of Cahors for the Viscount of Calvignac, homage however always paid by his predecessors - and in particular Déodat in 1329, Raymond de Caussade in 1391. Mgr Alain de Solminihac did not intend to let lose the rights, even honorary, of its Church; it required the homage and the lord of Gouvernet was condemned by the Parliament of Toulouse (11 7r 1646). It was however only on Nov. 5 1650 which lord Charles of the Tower of Gouvernet, marquis de Cénevières and of Murel, Viscount of Calvinhac, by the succession of his grandfather (of the same name) came to return the homage to Mercuès. He states to hold of the Bishop and his Church “in noble stronghold the castle of Calvinhac with all his honor and jurisdiction and memberships as as said them together (as he takes and perceives on the parish of St-Martin de Calvinhac), all that, in the aforementioned capacity as Viscount, (it) has with Cénevières… and all that is located between the castles of Calvinhac and Cénevières, except the farmhouse called of Albias (it must be Aubiac at the southern end of the commune)… for reason of all that above (it) owes every year a albergue… ”. This albergue, according to an act of Oct. 20, 1652, was evaluated with 180 books. The son of the precedent paid homage to Mgr of Sevin in 1672.
Other lords
Stronghold of the River, with the foot of Calvignac, downstream. Belonged to the family of Cajarc. In 1637, recognition made by Gme de Cajarc with the baron de Caussade, as held of him in long lease. In 1692,1695,1714, one finds noble Jean de Cajarc of the Sandstone of the Greenhouse, or sior of the greenhouse of the Sandstone, living in his house of the River. In its will, it makes to heiresses his sisters. Louise, woman of the sior Crompe, Camboulit, and Judith, woman of the sior Mifre (of Camboulit also). Another Jean de Cajarc, in 1720, is debtor of 3000 pounds with regard to Pierre Peyre, middle-class man of Saint Martin's day it Bouval, and undoubtedly had to engage his field which remained with the creditor because, in 1737, the sior Peyre of the River, in the parish of Calvignac, obtains from the bishop the authorization to make say the mass in his domestic vault, in the ordinary conditions relative with the mass of parish.
The parish
The parish of Calvignac is obviously as old as the Viscount. But we about it before did not pouillés anything of the beginning of XIVè century which mention it in the archpriest of Cajarc as being to the episcopal collation.
The first vice-chancellor of which we have the name is Aymeric de Calvignac (the brother of Dorde IV which we saw at the court of Avignon among the riders of Jean XXII and who resided itself at it, as chaplain commensal of the cardinal Guillaume Lecourt, of the title of the IV crowned saints, nephew of Benoit XIII. After its death, the church was conferred on August 13rd, 1348 on Guillaume de Prestis, of Castelnau-Montratier. Guillaume permutes, on May 8th, 1355, with Imbert de Baynac, prior of Villeneuve in Rouergue.
A bubble of 1475, which shows us as vice-chancellor a family member of Puycornet, Raymond de Caussade, already canon of Cahors, teaches us that it succeeded Bertrand of the Scrubland and that this one had linked, without to have obtained of it exemption, the church of Saint-Clearly of Calvignac to that of Saint-Etienne. the two churches are regularly plain under the vice-chancellorship of Raymond: they are about of equal value for their incomes. Today, Saint-Clearly is in the commune of Cénevières (see this name); but in that of Calvignac a hamlet called is the Bell-tower, whose name perhaps points out the existence of a church in this place.
One finds two priests of the name of Malleville: Nicolas de Malleville, in 1524, and 1589, another Nicolas de Malleville who makes a legacy with the obituaires of Puy-the-Guard from where it was originating.
In 1680, lord Jacques Pradines, vice-chancellor of Calvignac, are mediator between the Dominican ones of Cahors and the lord of Cénevières, Charles of the Tower of Gouvernet. Its mediation, moreover, does not succeed.
In 1721, Raymond Miquel signs like prior (cleaned) of Calvignac a state of the poor of the parish for the distribution of the alms bequeathed in his will by Mr. (of Cajarc) of the Greenhouse.
In 1741 Me Jean-Pierre Bassac was vice-chancellor, in the past vicar of Montbrun, then vice-chancellor of Lacapelle-Balaguier. He was replaced by Me Jean de Peyre, was been born in Cahors, but probably from the family of the new lord of the River of Calvignac, former vicar of Parnac and priest of Saint-Martin-in Cayssac. He died in 1789 and was replaced, on May 25th, by me Pierre-Joseph Malrieu, vice-chancellor of Foissac, which, according to the Files of the Batch lent all the oaths. One finds, as of on May 17th, 1793, J.B. Lavastrou, with the title of vicar regent, naturally sworn under the same conditions as the priest in title.
The priest of Calvignac had a vicar for the service of Saint-Clearly who was since XVè century canonically attached to Saint-Etienne (In 1745, Jean-Pierre Bach; in 1767, J-Jacques Alayrac).
The two churches belonged to the congregation of Limogne. The parish of Calvignac belonged to the Deanery of Limogne until January 25th, 1922, where it was attached to that of Cajarc.
Community
The community of Calvignac belonged to the legal point of view with the seneschalsy of Montauban, like Caylus, baylie, of which it formed part with the Middle Ages. From the financial point of view, it depended on the election and the subdelegation of Cahors. Before the Revolution, its impositions went up, about 1789, with 4832 pounds plus 87 of local loads. The population was of 606 parishioners (Dict. communes of the Batch - pouillé the alph. XVIIIè century puts only 300 communicants).
During the One hundred year old war, the borough of Calvignac was taken several times by the English, in 1356, by those of Lalbenque; in 1370 by those of Loc-god, but it never remained a long time in their capacity, thanks to his lord the lord de Puycornet.
Later, at the time of the wars of religion, the lord of Cénevières Antoine de Gourdon, having passed in the Calvinism, Calvignac could have had to suffer much, but becomes possession of Hébrard de Saint-Sulpice, it was saved because the two lords were never made the war, at least well seriously. Did Calvignac become calvinist with Gouvernet? We did not find a document on this subject: it is probable that, in spite of his sectarianism, the new lord did not test anything against the faith inhabitants, it came at one time when that had been quite difficult to him.
Administration
municipal council of Calvignac :
Demography
Places and monuments
- the Rock of the Balsam, 100 meters in the North of the Church, cliff with peak on the Batch, splendid point of view.
- O.T
Personalities related to the commune
Mr Couderc (house Relieves) Minister for IIIme republic
See too
- Common of the Batch
External bonds
- Official site of the town hall of Calvignac
- Calvignac on the site of the national geographical Institute
- Calvignac on the site of INSEE
- Calvignac on the site of Quid
- Localization of Calvignac on a chart of France and communes bordering
- Plane on Calvignac on Mapquest
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