Calchaquí

Amerindian groups of the ethnos group Diaguita or pazioca which lived the North-West of the Argentine before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. The name of Calchaquís their was allotted only to the XVIIe century being éponyme one their main leaders. Europeans called consequently Calchaquís (Spanish Calchaquíes) a whole group of tribes diaguitas, like the yocavils , the quilmes , the tafís , the chicoanas , the will tilcaras and the purmamarcas inter alia.

The denomination " calchaquí" as announced higher derives from the name of one of main leaders paziocas or diaguitas which was opposed to Spanish: Kalchakí called by Spanish Juan Calchaquí , cacic an Indian Omaguaca who dominated the valley of Yocavil, and had completely destroyed the Spanish cities of Cañete and London (close to Santiago del Estero) about 1560, during a rising caused by the hostility of the Castañeda governor with respect to the Indians. Calchaquís were farmers, pastors and excellent potters. They adored divinities of nature (Sun, the Moon, Thunder and Earth) and, like the others Diaguita S, spoke a particular language called Kakan (or kakán ). In 1480 they had to subject to the domination empire INCA (Tawantinsuyu), whose they acquired a strong cultural influence.

Calchaquíes wars

In 1630, a rebellion burst against the Spanish domination in the Calchaquíes Valleys. During seven years various diaguitas groups held the area under their control, until, in 1637, their leader, the chief Chalamín , was made prisoner and carried out.

The second rising began in 1658, directed by morisque Spanish of origin Andalusians, seems it, Pedro Chamijo more known under the name of Pedro Bohórquez or INCA Hualpa , which claimed to be downward of an INCA. The confrontations perdurèrent until 1666. Bohórquez was carried out him also, and the off-set natives, as it was the case of the Quilmes Indians.

Calchaquies valleys

Currently in Argentine one gives the name of Vallées Calchaquies to the series of longitudinal valleys located between the northern sector of the Pampéennes Sierras known as being the Sierra del Aconquija in the east, and the first crumplings of the Andes cordillera in the west. Thus these valleys extend on the provinces from Salta, Tucumán and Catamarca. They are famous for their superb landscapes like by excellent wine productions, for example with Cafayate.

External bonds

Site " Eso be Tucumán" - The epopee of Quilmes (in Spanish)

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