Cagliari

Cagliari is a city in the of the same province name in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.

Toponym

In Phénicien, the place named calaris . In Sardinian, Casteddu (castle, in French) indicates the district surrounded by ramparts which dominates the city.

Geography

Cagliari is located in the southernmost zone of Sardinia. In the south of the city the Gulf of Cagliari is, in the east the monti dei Sette Fratelli (mounts of the Seven Brothers), in the west the mounts of Capoterra and north the plain of Campidano.

History

The name of Cagliari , in the past Karalis , is of origin and dubious directions, to perhaps bring closer to the Mediterranean root squared ( stone ). The city had been inhabited since the age nuragic by Sardinian tribes. The Phéniciens, which colonized Sardinia in the centuries in the neighborhoods of the foundation of Rome, were fixed at the mouth of the pond of Sainte Gilla . Passed with the Carthaginian in Ve century before J. - C., the city experienced a fast development, as amongst other things testifies to them the Nécropole S to Tuvixeddu and Bonaria : those were the extremes of the urban development of these centuries, which saw the abandonment of the nuragic installations on the collars to concentrate along the coast. Thus the agglomeration assumed a Mediterranean character resolutely.

The strengthened town center was located in the current district of the Marina , was joined at the zone crowned in the current zone of Stampace , and was locked up between the two harbor districts of the zones of Sant' Avendrace and Bonaria.

Become the principal center of the island, maintaining completely last with the Roman , at the same time as the remainder of all Sardinia and the Corsica , in -238, the shortly after the Punic War. In the following centuries the “ Karalis Romaine” maintained its role of Sardinian Métropole, and in -48, under Cesare, it became the first municipality of the Province. The aspect of the agglomeration does not seem to change much during the long Roman domination of which there remain considerable traces like the amphitheater and the villas characteristic like the Villa of Tigellio . Fallen with half of Ve century under the occupation from the Vandals of Africa, it was conquered by Justinien at the end of the same century. Kalaris , as it was called then, entered the Byzantine administrative system as a seat of the chairs (headmaster), imperial leader with the head of all Sardinia.

With the division of the island in four Judicat S, the city has been, for a few centuries in strong recession, as the remainder of most of the Europe. Cagliari had undergone centuries of incursions sarrasines, which were opposed at the beginning of XIe century with the assistance of the naval powers of Pisa and Genoa. Little by little, the interference of the two cities was exerted on Sardinia. Judicat de Cagliari, according to the oldest certificates, returned in the bosom of Pisans which ended up seizing the title of judge , with Guglielmo of Lacon-mass (in 1187). Indeed, a city strengthened there was built entirely by the pisans, “Castellum Castri de Kallari”.

It was intended to become the new capital, when in 1258 Pisans, now forts of their Forteresse, not only expressed their intention to control the judicat, but also to conquer it. They crushed Sainte Gilla . Consequently the Castellum Castri was identified in Cagliari, as still the current Sardinian name of the city shows it: Casteddu . Nevertheless around it the suburbs of Bagnaia were formed - today known as Marina -, port area regulated by the Breve of the port of Cagliari ; fortification of Stampace (toponym which one also meets in Pisa); and finally of Villanova; in these appendices the Sardinians found asylum, excluded from the Castle by communal order, regulated by “Breue Castelli Castri de Kallari” which depended directly on Pisa.

Hundred years had not been passed, that the history was repeated. This time this fûrent the Aragonese which, in their will to conquer Sardinia, besieged Cagliari, and built another fortress on a collar even more in the south: that of Bonaria . However they did not destroy the enemy city, as Pisans had made with Sainte Gilla ; but they left, after the victory, the pledged Castle in Pisa. Tuscan, however, did not support the competition of the new Aragonese borough of Bonaria, with his flourishing port. They took again the weapons then, and they were constrained to give up the city for always. Under the Iberian domination, Caller , which is the real city not submitted to a feudal lord, becomes the capital of reunified Sardinia, and was the seat of the Vice-roi. The Castle continued to be prohibited with the Sardinians, but Bagnaia was also strengthened, and was called by the Aragoneses Llapola ( pola means “marine” in Latin medieval).

The intellectual life was relatively sharp, and at the XVIIe century the university was founded. However gradually, the hispanized city, started to feel a sharp intolerance with the colonial domination. Feeling which culminated in the murder of the viceroy Camarassa (1666). Thus in 1708 the Cagliaritani did not oppose resistance to the seat anglo-Dutch, which put an end to the Spanish age. After the short Austrian bracket (1712 - 1718) and the transitory occupation of the Alberoni cardinal, who tried to reconquer Sardinia with the Spaniards, Cagliari passed, with all the island, under the domination of the states of Savoy (in 1720).

The age of reforms which followed in any Europe, saw a revival relative of the city, with the reorganization of the university and the Hôpital, the creation of the files of State and the college library, a school of surgery and printing works. The Piedmontese one were also badly tolerated, and when, after this Cagliari time resisted with strength the naval seat of the French revolutionists (in 1793), the Sardinians transfer themselves to refuse their request for an access to a greater autonomy and for respect of the old privileges, the city rose (the April 27th 1794) and drove out the Piedmontese one temporarily. The revolt was propagated immediately with the remainder of the island, where it taken a turning antiféodal, but which was at the choked end.

In first half of the XIXe century, the golden age of the Sardinian culture, one recorded the decline of the feudal aristocracy to the service of a “cultural aristocracy” which, with the abolition of the feudality and the concession of the Albertino Statute (in 1848), became the leading class. With the novel methods of war, Cagliari, private of the role of fortress the shortly after the Italian unit, the walls were cut down, and them bases for the great expansion of the last century were posed. At the XXe century, Cagliari undergoes many bombardments.

Monuments and places of interest

Transport

It has a Aéroport, a wearing of transport of passengers and goods, of a national way two-track Carlo-Felice towards Sassari and Nuoro.

Sport

The football club of Cagliari Calcio which evolves/moves in Series A.

Administration

Hamlets

Pirri, Poetto, Giorgino

Communes bordering

Assemini, Capoterra, Elmas, Monserrato, Quartu Sant' Elena, Quartucciu, Selargius, Sestu

Demographic trends

See too

List of the Italian cities of more than 25.000 inhabitants

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