Burckhardt of Munich

Burckhardt of Munich was born the May 9th 1683, with (Oldenbourg). It is deceased the October 16th 1767, in Dorpat (nowadays Tartu in Estonia).

Descendant of specialists in the hydraulic architecture, Germans, but already to the service of Denmark, Burckhardt of Munich, after having been used France and the Landgrave as Hesse, leaves for Russia. Its name becomes Burckhardt Minikh, it becomes a close relation of the emperors and empresses of this immense country, then a marshal, who reforms his armies, which is made in thanks count. He is also Prime Minister… sent in Siberia… Some of its descendants are them-also famous.

Its origins and its youth

Its family since 3 generations deals with hydraulic architecture. His/her father, Anton Günther von Munich, was lieutenant-colonel and Inspector-general in Nordfriesland, it forms it as of childhood. Wire of German gentleman, it is high among members of the Danish nobility.

In 1699, Munich comes to France, at the 16 years age. It is fascinated by Catinat and the marshal of Luxembourg. With Strasbourg, it obtains a place of engineer in the army of Alsace.

But, because of War of succession of Spain, it sets out again in Germany, where it obtains in 1701, at the 18 years age, a company in the troops of Ernest Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt (1667-1739) and fights with the seat of Landau.

With the service of Pierre Large the

In February 1721, to the invitation of the Russian ambassador, the prince Dolgorouki, goes to Saint-Pétersbourg.

Munich is employed first of all, as Engineer-general, in Russia. The Tsar Pierre Large the takes it along with him, to draw up new plans for admiralty, the port of Cronstadt and the fortifications of Riga. Of Munich much the Tsar does not like Burckhardt, because he is young, polished and of nothing unpleasing like his old generals. Nevertheless, it rebuilds its ports, its forts, paves the streets and the roads, built channels. The Tsar in is very satisfied, but gives him the license of Lieutenant-general only against the plans of the bell-tower of the Saint-Pierre church of Riga, which had just been consumed by fire. It fears the reaction of its old unpleasing generals.

In 1723, Burckhardt of Munich receives the mission of continuing the work started with Pisarew, protected from Alexandre Danilovitch Menchikov. It must link the large channel of the Lac Ladoga, Wolochow, with the Néva. Under its direction work advances quickly. Pierre Large the says about it: I never still had a foreigner, who is, like Munich, intended to conceive large undertaken and to carry them out.

The Tsar is sick goes until saying: I hope that work of Munich will cure me , but alas for Munich Pierre Large the dies in 1725. Catherine Ire of Russia is Tsarina.

With the service of Catherine Ire of Russia

Burckhardt of Munich can be maintained in credit, in spite of the hatred of Alexandre Danilovitch Menchikov, favorite of Catherine Ire of Russia. With the assistance of 25.000 workers it finishes the channel on June 12th, 1728. Navigation can be open there, with the great despair of Alexandre Danilovitch Menchikov.

In same time, Munich rebuilds the Forteresse Pierre and Paul, out of stone. It takes part in the rebuilding of Kronstadt and makes the plans to reinforce and modernize the fortifications of Vyborg and.

To reward it, it is named lieutenant-general of army in 1727. It is only 34 years old.

Catherine Ire of Russia dies in 1728. Pierre II of Russia becomes emperor, on May 8th 1727. Too much young person to personally direct the government, it leaves the capacity to pass to the hands of the family Dolgorouki, which takes the opposite course to the policy followed by Pierre Ist Pierre II passes, as for him, under the authority of Menchikov.

With the service of Pierre II of Russia

In spite of that, in 1728, Pierre II of Russia finds it Gouverneur of the duchy of Ingrie, the Karelia and the Finland. It is also named general-in-chief and fact count Russian and decorated with the Ordre of Saint-Alexandre Nevski. It makes play its relations so that his/her brother Christian Wilhelm and his Ernst son, are also decorated about Saint-Alexandre-Nevski.

Burckhardt of Munich, remarie on September 18th, 1728 with Saint-Petersbourg, with Barbara Éléonore of (1691-1774), Controlling Large Duchess Elisabeth Anger of Russia, future tsarina. It was already widowed of Christiane Lucretia of and had several children, of which Louise (1713-1775), Ernst of Munich (1707-1788) and Sophie.

In same time, of 1728 with 1729, the count Minikh compiles the collection Héraldique of Russia. In 1730, this one will be approved by the Empress Anna Ivanovna, Anne Ire of Russia.

Because, Pierre II of Russia dies of the small pox the January 19th 1730 and Anna Ivanovna, Anne Ire of Russia succeeds to him.

With the service of Anne Ire of Russia

Anne Ire of Russia names it in 1730, Feld-maréchal and places it at the head of the administration of the war. Burckhardt of Munich begins the reform of the army to make it arrive at the European standard. Munich and Biron, jealous one of the other, but brought closer by the policy, share the authority during this reign.

In 1731, he is minister of state. Moreover, it is the following year marshal and is president of the military College. The count reorganized the Russian national army.

On its initiative the imperial Garde becomes a unit of elite of 10.000 men. He creates two regiments: a Regiment of Infantry, the Regiment Ismaïlovski, named according to a village close to Moscow where the family manor of the empress is, and a Régiment of Cavalerie, the regiment of the dragons of the Guard of Menshikov, very quickly famous regiment of the horse Bodyguards; this last unit was intended to gather all the former officers of the horse Guard of Pierre Ier, who did not fill hitherto, and in a temporary way, which honorary functions. They carry armours.

Burckhardt of Munich forms units of engineers.

Its school of the body of the Shlyakhetsky juniors open to four to five hundred noble young people or of notable will provide during almost two centuries the future generations of senior officers of the Russian armies. Physical exercises and soldiers, and the study of the foreign languages, of the art of the war and science are an innovation in Russia.

Burckhardt of Munich modifies, always in 1732, the system of recruitment in Russia: a recruit for 350 peasants with possibility of repurchase.

The Russian army aligns in the event of war what is considerable for the time.

It makes come from the foreign officers and increases the balances. Munich creates 12 regiments of cuirassiers, and the units of hussards.

The Prinz Eugen approves its reforms.

Voltaire in connection with Russia, towards 1735/1740, us says that: the government then maintained ten thousand men guards; hundred battalions, which made the number of sixty thousand men; twenty thousand dragons; two thousand cuirassiers; what assembled to the number of quatre-vingt-douze thousand troops regulated; thirty thousand of militia, and as much of Cossacks, Tartar and Kalmouks which one wanted to assemble so that this power could put, without making efforts, a hundred and seventy thousand men in shift. The fleet russienne was evaluated then with twelve ship of the lines, twenty-six vessels of a lower order, and forty galères .

The War of succession of Poland (1733 - 1738)

Anna Ivanovna, Anne Ire of Russia appoints it Minister for the War, it is member of the private Council of the Empress, called the party of the Germans . In 1733, and Biron, the favorites move away it from the Court and entrusts to him the War of succession of Poland. Bühren, which francizes its name in Biron, is however surrounded itself of ministers and general German, by which the essential goal is to grow rich. Together, they inaugurate in Russia a mode of terror, support the denouncement, déboussolent the country. One calls this time the bironovchtchina .

Arrived at the face, Munich drives out Stanislas Leszczynski of Poland (1734). The Precise of the century of Louis XV, by Mister de Voltaire speaks to us about it: king Stanislas saw his head put at price by the general of Russian, the count de Minikh, in the town of Dantzig, in a free country, in its own fatherland, in the middle of the nation which had elected following it all the laws. It was obliged to disguise itself as a sailor, and escaped only through the greatest dangers .

Indeed, 1735, Munich takes. and Biron criticizes the duration of the seat, but Munich retorts: In Dantzig was thirty thousand troops, I did not have twenty thousand men to maintain the seat, whereas my strengthened lines encircling the citadel were prolonged on nine miles. It does not have at its disposal with practically any artillery. Burckhardt of Munich teaches with the Russians art to lead seats as Pierre Large the had learned how to them to gain battles. The count of Munich succeeds in depriving the Poles of the help of the sea.

Munich, by the most severe contributions, makes pay their devotion to the cause of Stanislas to the inhabitants of Dantzig. It places Auguste III of Poland on the throne of Poland.

(1735 - 1739)

The Tsarina excited by the count of Munich and several other foreigners whose talents illustrated his reign, solved to repair, by a war against the Othomans of the centuries of military setback and losses of territories.

With the autumn 1735, Burckhardt of Munich starts this war against Turkey. The May 20th, at the beginning of the Munich countryside fights 100.000 Tatars of the Crimea, armed by the Othomans. He does not manage to subject entire this country, but he carries his weapons to the fortress of Azov which he takes in October 1736, then the the Crimea Othoman yoke with only 54.000 men releases. 80.000 charriots transporting the supply and the ammunition in these desert regions. Armed bands Tartar attack them unceasingly. They invent the battalions progressing in square formation.

At the end of the isthmus which joint the the Crimea in the continent, the armies of Burckhardt of Munich are found opposite a deep ditch protected by six turns and the fortress from. In two days Munich crosses the ditch, the sword with the hand and puts in rout 100.000 Tartars. It takes, on May 30th, 1736. What amazed Tartar .

Its generals advise to him to build a fortified camp and to prepare with the attacks of the Othoman and Tartars, but Burckhardt of Munich decides to attack and in spite of the failure of one of its generals and the insubordination of the other generals, it takes Koslov and can supply its famished troops, and pay them, because of a rich person spoils. The generals understand that they have to more fear their terrible general that the Tartar.

June 27th, 1736, Burckhardt of Munich penetrates in the camp of the Tartars to the head of a battalion of the imperial Garde and puts them in rout. He takes and other city-fortresses. Alas because of insubordination of its troops and a serious epidemic, it must be folded up on Russia.

Burckhardt of Munich is accommodated there as hero. But he only thinks of turning over on the edges of the Black Sea to carry out an all-out war against the Turks. He refuses to send an auxiliary body to Hungary which has just returned in war and on May 6th, 1737, it is with 70.000 men that he passes the Dniepr. He encircles and takes. This victory does not like Soljenitsyne which writes: Anna Ivanovna carried out stupid wars and lost them; its military chief, Munich, with a outrageant lack of qualities took by storm (1737) since the least advantageous site, neglecting an easy approach. a little partial Vision of this odd, one knows that Munich seizes very quickly the city with limited resources and against definitely higher forces. The explosion of the explosives magazine causes the death of 6.000 Turks. And if a first attack fails, it is that the material of seat is not it there is because of an unable Russian prince, imposed on Munich and who did not obey his orders. The Marshal of France Ulrich Frederic Woldemar de Löwendal and are on the contrary very admiring for this catch flash which has surprised the Othomans.

Burckhardt of Munich refuses a peace separated with the Turks. In 1738, it advances beyond the Bug and arrives at the edge of the Dniestr with 55.000 men. It receives the order to take Khotin, in spite of an enemy higher of number, strongly cut off and very tired troops. The plague decimates its troops. Its army must turn over to Russia.

Burckhardt of Munich returns in 1739 to Ukraine and Moldavie, while passing by Poland which is however neutral. With, it attacks 80.000 Turks strongly cut off with 20.000 men without luggage. It understands that the fate of Russia east between its hands. Poland and Sweden are in the event of Russian defeat on the point of tackling the empire. That which one called the falcon way of the left side the Turks are very weak, believing to be protected by marshes. The Russian pontonniers build 20 bridges and their army is thrown on the Turks who await them right-sided. The artillery of Munich crushes under its fatal fire 20.000 Janissaires. The following day, it takes Khotin without combat.

Austria makes peace, whereas Munich moved on the Greece to conquer it. The tsarina, badly advised by Biron makes in the same way. With the Treated of Belgrade, thanks to Burckhardt of Munich, Russia acquires definitively Azov with Russia and the Moldavie. However the Russian vessels cannot sail on the Black Sea and part of the conquests of Munich are returned to the Turks. Its victorious offensives made it possible to the Austrians to progress in Valachie and Bosnia. Only the Swedish threat did not make it possible Burckhardt to further go. It is decorated by Anna Ivanovna with the Ordre with Saint-Andrew. The Russians call it the pillar of the Russian empire . The glory of Munich east without terminals. the sultan, say the Janissaires, would give half of his empire for a general such as him ; and the emperor Charles VI of Austria writes that it would not have signed the Traité of Belgrade with such a general. From this war gained by Munich the Russians will have contempt for the Othoman armies which they had dreaded up to now.

Peace

Before peace, but in 1738, a Tóth Hungarian is sent by France near the commander of the Russian army. Tóth describes in its report the state of the Russian army whose camp was on the edge of the Dniestr. The following year, Tóth re-examines the count of Munich which proposes via the Hungarian agent an alliance Russo-Frenchwoman with the chief of the French diplomacy. Tóth returns thus the opinion of the count de Munnich: I ay not of other sights, says it, in the proposal that I will make you that the good and shared interest of the two Powers, because God gave me adzes of good to live, and more than neither me nor my children, if they are wise, will not be able about it to eat. I declare you same, into tems, as I ay always be good Francois, and will be all my life good Russien, and by this reason I was always contrary with the alliance which we have with the Emperor, and I it ay looked at always unfavorable for my court and without going into other details, it am obvious which it court of Vienna to more often the war than us, because when we have peace with the Turks, we are quiet besides, with the place which we are obliged by our alliance with the Emperor to provide our troops even on the Rhine, as one saw in the last war. It is however not completely the interest which I consider in this unequal alliance and we are not sensitive that to the hard treatment and the height with which the court of Vienna always acted with its allies, witnesses the English who by a wise policy are separate

Even if the project suggested by the brigadier Munich remains on paper, the importance of Andre Tóth grows certainly with the eyes of the Villeneuve ambassador and by his intermediary even with Versailles.

Always in 1738, Burckhardt of Munich finishes the construction of the channel of the Lac Ladoga and its 32 locks. The same year, the Empress names it, Feld-maréchal and member of the private Council.

The November 19th 1740: the Burckhardt marshal of Munich makes stop the Regent Biron, because of a common decision made with Anna Ivanovna, which is imprisoned with the prison of. During centuries this prison accommodates the opponents and the princes or the policies victims of the competitions at the Court. Munich only had conceived and carried out this knack .

With the service of

, mother of the emperor Ivan VI of Russia, is proclaimed fine regent 1741.

Peace was restored in Russia. Again all people were delighted by this new irrefutable fact, and in more are happiness on the good fortune of the Russian Empire! All that lasted during four weeks, at the moment when Biron leaves Regency, and the same facts will still reproduce, when another comes to reverse the Regent!

Munich becomes Prime Minister, which disappoints it deeply. let the ministers control, and in particular the Buckhardt field-marshal of Munich. This one created a Payment of the factories fixing the relations between the owners and their workmen and regulating day's work.

Burckhardt wants an alliance with the Prussia, but the Regent prefers to be combined with the Austrians, from where a new distribution of the capacities between the ministers in Russia. Munich preserves only the army and restores the Foreign affairs with. Then, it is nothing any more, him which had been so powerful, because it has really business with the ungrateful ones. It falls very sick and one thinks of a poisoning. He cures. The Regent grants a pension of 15.000 books and a guard of honor to him. Its family and live to him peacefully in Saint-Pétersbourg until the day when the capacity passes between other hands.

Dissensions appear between the ministers, compromising the stability and the credit of the government. In addition, the Russian nobility reproaches the regent the too Germanic character of its entourage: a national feeling anti-German appears and the public opinion turns to Elisabeth Petrovna, girl of Pierre Large the and judged more " russe" that.

Misled hopes (1741)

Let us reconsider a little at greater length the ingratitude of this Regent and the feelings of Munich.

It is the shortly after this new revolution, that Munich enters the palate with a proud pace to require an interview with the Regent.

- Your highness , says it, while not kneeling in front of its sovereign as the habit requires it, but only by legally supporting his hand with his lips, your highness, I achieved my promise. I had promised to you to release yourselves from Biron and to return regency to you, and I did it. Now, Madam, it is time so that you achieve your engagement! You solemnly promised that if I succeeded in returning Régente to you, you would grant to me immediately and without reserve what I would ask you. He well, now, you are Régente, and I come to make you my request!

- I would be happy, Count-marshal, to discharge to me from part of my obligations while reaching your request. As quickly as possible , said, with an engaging smile.

- Make me the Supreme leader of your forces! answered Munich with an almost authoritative tone.

A cloud appears on the expression a little too much smiling of the Regent.

- Why ask this with precision - it is the only favor which it is not in my capacity to grant to you? known as it sadly. There are other loads so much, like much of influential positions, by which I could prove my gratitude to you. Ask money, treasures, fields, grounds, all that it is in my power to give. Why the need makes you require with precision that, which is not any more in my capacity?

Munich looks it with the counterirritated eyes, a tremor of the lips, and the cheeks very blades. Its head staggers, and he thinks not of not having correctly heard.

- I have the hope that this is only one misunderstanding! bégaie you it. I must have badly heard, it cannot be in your intentions to refuse it to me.

- Can God give me the power to grant it to you! counterpart the Regent. But I then to give what is not any more with me! Why don't be you not come a few hours earlier, Count-marshal? Then there, it would have been possible to reach your request. But, now it is too late!

- You then named another Supreme leader? shouts Munich, while trembling of rage.

- Yes , known as Anna, smiling, and here it is.

It is the husband of the Regent, the prince, who at this time precise enters the room and greets Munich calmly.

- You have a rival here… my husband , announces the princess to him, without scruple, and if I had not already signed your diploma, it is not certain that I will make it, now that I know the Count Munich wishes the station.

- I hope for answered contemptuously the prince, that the count Munich will understand that this load, which places the whole power of the empire in the hands of that which holds it, is appropriate only to the father of the emperor!

The count Munich does not make any answer. Already so close to the goal, he sees it becoming unrealizable of a blow. He had worked, fought, all that in vain. It is the second revolution which it caused, with its plan preferred in sight: two Regents made indebted of their power, but both had refused the only thing for which it had done them regents; neither one nor the other had been laid out to appoint it Supreme leader of the Armies!

In this Munich moment feels unable to hide its fury under an apparent peace, simulating a faintness, it asks for permission of withdraw itself.

Staggering, hardly in possession of its means, it passes quickly through the hall grouillant courtiers come to beg a favor. All greet it respectfully, but it seems to him that it can read the mockery and an unhealthy joy on all these smiling faces. Few hours earlier, it could have massacred them all, and have made them lick its boots, with this rage which dominates it.

When it reaches its fits with body and that its proud horses take it along quickly far, when nobody any more can more see it, it lets explode its anger, and the tears of the fury run its eyes; it tears off the hair and strikes the chest; it feels lost, frightened its fury and of its despair. A thought, a wish continued it since long years, he had worked and tried to obtain the function of Supreme leader for him. It had wished to be the first, the most powerful man in the Russian worsens. He controls the military force, and in its hands the means rest of giving peace or the war to the country! It was what it wanted and this for what it had worked, and now it raises questions: Oh, Biron, Biron, why does he groan slightly you-, I reversed? You liked me, and perhaps a day would have granted to me what me had initially refused you! Biron, I betrayed you with a kiss. It is your guardian angel which avenges to you now!

Lastly, Munich arrives at its palate, and the servants open the door to him. Its coachman moves back the Carrosse, thrown into a panic by the worrying expression of the face of his Master. He became gray, its blue lips its eyes tremble and of the brilliant tears seem to threaten those which dare to approach it.

Going down in silence, it advances while zigzaging, it cries and sighs, it proposes its hands to request, beseech.

- What is nine? request you it with his Master of hotel.

- Feodor had misfortune to break the cup of your excellence.

A strange joy suddenly invades the face of the Count.

- seek me Feodor , says it, breathing better, and while rectifying itself: Oh, I thank God, I know now on whom I will be avenged! And it punishes the culprit severely.

From this moment, the life of Munich becomes a continuous chain of vexations and mortifications. As its excessive ambition is known, it constantly is suspecté, and punished with an incredible severity for each fault.

It is true that the Regent names it at the post of Prime Minister; but, which has just cured , after the successful stop of the revolutionary company, devotes itself to various intrigues as a Foreign Minister; while Golopkine collects the ministry for the interior, so that only the Ministry for the war remains with the Prime Minister, Munich. It began and carried out in the long term two revolutions to become general-in-chief, and did not obtain anything, just mortifications and humiliations at each time of its life!

The exile in Siberia, reign of Elisabeth Anger of Russia

But, the January 27th 1742, it is condemned to be quartered, because in favor of the young Emperor. The revolution especially struck the officers says foreign although naturalized and who allowed the Russian victories against the Poles and the Turks. The official charge is embezzlement intended for a hospital . Burckhardt of Munich east stopped on the way of at the border, and brought back to Saint-Pétersbourg to be carried out there. Another version says to us that it is stopped in its bed, even if it thought of leaving for the Prussia.

At the last time it is withdrawn from the scaffold, then sent in Siberia to by the Empress, Elisabeth Ire of Russia.

From 1742 to 62, that is to say 20 years, it lives in exile in Siberia in most dreadful misery. It is however, large, with the eyes of its contemporaries, in the exile, by pity and the resignation which it expresses. It occupies the house of Biron and crosses this one has just been released with Kazan. It is a hut! Burckhardt of Munich cultivates itself its small garden. He becomes the professor of the children of the area, writes much, draws military and civil plans.

The officer - an avid man - which it guard receives 3 roubles per day, for its maintenance, that of his Wife, of Doctor Martens, his friend and of some faithful German servants. It receives news of Saint-Pétersbourg only by one gardener who wraps plants with gazettes.

All these goods are confiscated and his/her son, Ernest of Munich, exiled Court. At the end of some of years of exile, it succeeds in terrorizing the local civils servant who fear to be punished for their abuses when Munich turns over to the Court. That allows him, even without its fortune, to again help the poor, which are there even sometimes of former rich and powerful men, like him.

With the service of Pierre III of Russia

Elisabeth dies the January 5th 1762. Become tsar, Pierre III of Russia points out it. Munich is 82 years old, but it preserves all its strength and especially an untiring heat. Of Moscow to the capital its walk is triumphal. All the soldiers who had been useful under his orders run to see it and spread tears of joy. But especially it finds his only son and the Countess of Vitinghof, her grand-daughter.

Pierre III of Russia the roof of benefits and returns all its titles to him. But Pierre III of Russia, stops the war at the time when Frederic II of Prussia, however completely overcome. In a few months, Pierre succeeds in being made hate of all those which could be to him favorable to the court of Russia. A first ukase obliges the army to be dressed in Prussian uniforms. A second obliges the popes to cut out the beard and to get dressed like Protestant pastors. The icons are removed churches, and the goods of the orthodoxe clergy are confiscated.

In spring 1762, Pierre III is on the point of stating the war in Denmark in order to seize the Schleswig and to attach to it his duchy of the Holstein. He assigns Catherine with Peterhof and leaves to join his troops with Cronstadt.

The future tsarina, who is afraid for her life, decides to seize the power by the force and to reverse her husband, with the assistance of Nikita Panine and of the Orlov brothers. Those bribe a hundred soldiers of the regiments Préobrajenski and Ismaïlovski, which is used as escort in Catherine in her walk on Saint-Pétersbourg. After some hesitations, the other regiments unite with them. On her arrival in the capital, Catherine is accommodated triumphantly and recognized by the clergy and the senate.

With the service of Catherine II of Russia

Munich had advised the Tsar vis-a-vis the agitation which brought Catherine II of Russia to the capacity. But, this one was too weak. It will be very quickly assassinated.

Burckhardt of Munich appears as of the shortly after this inversion in front of Catherine II of Russia:

- You wanted to fight against me, tells him this Princess.

- Yes, Madam, the old Field-marshal, could I answered him less make for the Prince who delivered me of my captivity? But it is now my duty to fight for your majesty and I will fill it with devotion.

The Empress appoints it Managing director of the Channels and the Wearing of Russia. Admittedly, Burckhardt of Munich wants to drive out the Turks of Europe and to restore the Roman Empire of the East. But, it does not have any more a personal political influence on control of the war.

Burckhardt of Munich dies in 84 years, during an inspection with Dorpat, in the Baltic Provinces , (nowadays Tartu in Estonia). He wanted in the last to re-examine his native soil. It had considerable grounds , but worried in its mails with their administrator about his garden and more particularly about its pinks and the last gathering about currants.

After its death

With its death, the majority of great work in the ports will be abandoned. But Catherine II of Russia known as of him: If Munich is not one of the children of Russia, it is one of the fathers .

Frederic II of Prussia professes a great admiration for its exploits and it calls it Prince Eugene of the Muscovites . Voltaire writes on his side: the count of Munich, which service of Saxony had passed to that of Pierre Ier, was with the head of the Russian army. It was prince Eugene of the Muscovites; he had the virtues and the defects of the large generals: skilful, undertaking, happy; but proud, superb, ambitious, and sometimes too despotic, and sacrificing the life of its soldiers to his reputation. , Löwendal, and other skilful generals, were formed in his school .

According to, its aide-de-camp: the Count of Munich is a true contrast the good ones and bad qualities. Polished, coarse, human, carried, in turn, nothing is easier for him than to gain the hearts of those which deal with him. But suddenly, a moment after, it treats them in a way so hard which they are forced so to speak to hate it. Under certain conditions, one saw it generous, in others of a sordid avarice. It is the society man which with the highest heart and however one saw him making lownesses. Pride is a defect dominating. Devoured unceasingly by a disproportionate ambition, it very sacrificed all to the world to satisfy it. One of the best engineers of Europe, it was also one of the largest captains of its century. Often bold in its companies, he always was unaware of what it is that the impossible one. Of a high and imposing stature, and of a robust and vigorous temperament, it seems to be born general.

Ernst Gideon von Laudon and made their training under his orders in front of and Khotin.

Burckhardt of Munich is buried in its ground of Lunia in Livonie. In spite of its role of builder of modern Russia his tomb is profaned and partly destroyed by the Soviets.

The 37e dragon bore its name of the time of imperial Russia.

Its descent

Burckhardt of Munich had ten seven children of his first wife. Four to only survive him, but they will have a many descent. It does not have children with his second wife, but the girl of this one Marie with the general, a friend of Frederic II of Prussia.

Ernst of Munich (1707 - 1788), his/her son, is member of the ministry for the Trade. Catherine II of Russia thinks of him in connection with the Hermitage: I said: Good god! the fair changed place! It will be necessary that the count of Munich establishes the customs where was the theater of the Hermitage . Finally the Tsarina employs it mainly with the constitution of the Musée of the Hermitage, of which it holds itself the catalog of works, during the first years. And although it signs in 1766 a commercial treaty between Russia and England, its role of founder of the Musée of the Hermitage will remain its claim to fame. The count Ernest of Munich is the private Adviser of the empress, knight of the orders of St Alexandre Newsky and the white eagle of Poland.

Barbara Juliane von Krüdener is one of his/her back-small-girls. Another of its downward Marie in 1804 with Armand François d' Allonville, brigadier, historian… One allots to it of Allonville the paternity of the plan of Michel Barclay de Tolly which organizes the retirement of the Russian troops during the Campagne of Russia (1812).

Portrait of another descendant of Munich

Notes and references of the article

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