This article treats Bulgarian language. If you seek an article on the Bulgarian people , want to consult the page Bulgares
The Bulgarian is the principal language of the Bulgaria.
History
Classification
The Bulgarian is a language belonging to the group of the Slavic Langues southernmost of the family of the Indo-European Langues.
Geographical distribution
The Bulgarian one is spoken in Bulgaria (approximately 12 million speakers).
Official statute
The Bulgarian one is the official language of the Bulgaria and one of the 23 official languages of the European Union.
Dialects
The Macedonian is firmly regarded in Bulgaria as a Bulgarian dialect, although asserted like a language with whole share by the Republic of Macedonia. That sometimes caused problems between the two countries at the time of the writing of common official documents.
Writing
The Bulgarian one is written with the Cyrillic alphabet with some differences compared to the Russian . It comprises indeed only 30 letters and the pronunciations can not be identical.
Transliteration
At least two transliterations of Bulgarian exist in Latin alphabet:
- the " bâlgarski" ,
- the official transcription, attends (road panels…).
Pronunciation
The Bulgarian one, like the Russian for example, has a mobile tonic accent. I.e. a new word must be learned with its stressing. Despite everything, contrary to Russian, there are few displacements of accent for the verbs, it is enough to know the place of the accent to the first nobody of the present and the first nobody of the aorist.
All the consonants are hard, unless they are not followed of и, я, ю or of ь (ермалък). It is noted that ь never appears in final position. For this reason, учител (professor) has a hard л, although numeral plural will be учители.
The vocalic reductions are much simpler than in Russian. The differences are done between the accentuated and inaccentuées vowels. The principal changes are the opening of O out and under the accent, as well as of has or я (delivery more or less as in French under accent, but like U of English “drank” except accent). Except accent, the ъ (ерголям pronounced as the Rumanian ă under accent) merges with a. For graphic reasons, two “er” which cannot follow itself directly, the ъ is written я after soft consonant.
Grammar
The Bulgarian one is a particular case in the Slavic languages, from its central position in the Balkan linguistic Union. Firstly, one notes the presence of a definite article placed after, as in Rumanian (Latin language) and in Albanian (nonSlavic Indo-European language). Then, the accidental system disappeared from Bulgarian except for the Vocatif and from the pronominal system . This last, like Rumanian and Albanian, knows a confusion of the Datif and Génitif. For the verbal system, the Bulgarian one preserved a complex system, keeping the forms of the Aoriste Slavic Vieux.
Lexicon
The vocabulary of Bulgarian is essentially of Slavic origin. It comprises nevertheless many loans with French and German, like Turkish, however in low number if one considers the duration of the Turkish occupation during the history of Bulgaria. The words of proto-Bulgarian origin are of very low number.
Examples
-
the Bulgarian one not having infinitive, the verbs are indicated in the dictionaries by the first nobody of the singular of the present indicative.
See too
Internal bonds
- Swadesh List of Bulgarian the
- Linguistic
- Dictionary of the languages
- Languages by family
- Indo-European Languages
- Balto-Slavic group
- Slavic Languages
- southernmost Slavic languages
External bonds
- Bulgaria Mission - Language class Bulgarian in Paris and by Internet.
- Freelang Dictionary - French-Bulgarian Dictionary Bulgarian-French/.
- free translator in Bulgarian French line
- popular Dictionary Bulgarian-French - Dictionary having in sight the language of the Bulgarian popular songs.
- Bulgarian Keyboard in line
Be-X-old: Баўгарскаямова Simple: Bulgarian language
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