Budapest, called the queen of the Danube is the Capitale of the Hungary since 1867. It is the principal political, industrial and economic center of the country. Its population borders 1,65 million inhabitants after a peak of 2,1 million in the medium of the Années 1980.

Budapest was created in 1873 by the meeting of the communes of Buda and Óbuda , on Right Bank of the river the Danube and Pest , on left bank.

The the Danube is the vital axis of Budapest. It runs out in the city over a 28 km length and a width from 290 to 380 Mr.

The queen of the Danube , Budapest, city of the freest East famous, plays contrasts from one bank to another of the river. On undulating hills of Right Bank of the Danube, Buda , the old city, the citadel where the dynasty of Habsbourg lived, invites to the daydream with its painted houses and the turns of the bastion of the Fishermen. Opposite (on left bank), lost in the fog from where the dome of the Parliament emerges, Pest the hard one stretches its administrative, economic and university center, its modern buildings or baroques on the plain of Rakos.

History

The known history of Budapest goes up at the Roman city of Aquincum , founded in the neighborhoods of 89 on the site of an old Celtic camping , near to what was going to become Óbuda. Of 106 until the end of the 4th century, it is the capital of the province of the lower Pannonia (in Latin Pannonia ).

Towards 896, the Magyar , ancestors of the current Hungarian people , colonize the area under the command of Arpad, and come to populate the basin pannonien as well as the sector of Óbuda. The Hungary is founded one century later, in the year 1000, with the crowning of its first king, Etienne I {{er}} canonized under the name of Saint Etienne. In spite of its almost total destruction following a Mongolian invasion in 1241, and the displacement of the royal residence with Visegrád in 1308, the city becomes the capital of the country in 1361.

The conquest of the major part of the country at the 16th century by the Ottoman Empire stops the growth of the city. Pest falls to the hands from the invader by the south in 1526. Buda, defended by its castle, knows the same fate later 15 years. Whereas Buda becomes the seat of a Turkish governor, Pest is deserted by most of its inhabitants at the time of his reconquest in 1686 by the Habsbourg, which had remained kings de Hongrie since 1526 in spite of the loss of the majority of the country.

During 18th and 18th centuries, in spite of a flood devastator in 1838 which made 70.000 dead, Pest knows strongest growth rate thanks to a very active trade, contributing very mainly to the combined growth of the three cities. In 1900, its population exceeds those of joined together Buda and Óbuda. During the next century, the population of Pest will be multiplied by twenty, whereas those of Buda and Óbuda are quintupled. In 1780, German is introduced like official language by the Habsbourg.

The fusion of the three cities under a common administration takes effect first once in 1849 under the impulse of the revolutionary government, before being revoked after the reconstitution of the Habsbourg authority. It is ratified definitively in 1873 by the Hungarian autonomous government royal resulting from the compromise Austro-Hungarian of 1867. The total population of the unified capital is multiplied by seven over the period 1840 - 1900, reaching 730.000 inhabitants.

During the 20th century, the majority of industries of the country coming to concentrate in the city, the growth of the population continue, concerning mainly the agglomeration. Thus, the population of Újpest more than is doubled over the period 1890 - 1910, and that of Kispest is quintupled between 1900 and 1920. The human losses related to the First World War and the important loss moreover of two thirds of the territory of the old kingdom in 1920 cause only one temporary disorder: Budapest remains the capital of a state certainly smaller but from now on sovereign. In 1930, the city counts a million inhabitants, plus 400.000 in agglomeration.

At the time of the Second world war, the Jews are gathered in the Ghetto of Budapest. Approximately a third of the 250.000 Jewish inhabitants of Budapest died following the genocide Nazi perpetrated during the German Occupation of 1944. In spite of that, Budapest is today the European capital which has the ratio of Jewish citizens per capita highest. In 1944, the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg saved at least 10.000 Hungarian Jews. At January 1st 1950, the agglomeration of Budapest knows a significant expansion: new districts are created starting from the close cities. During the years 1950 and 1960, the city recovers from the Soviet seat of 1944, becoming, within certain limits, a window as regards pragmatic policy practiced by the communist government of the country (1947 - 1989). Democratization is stopped by the Insurrection of Budapest and the intervention of the Soviet Union.

As from the years 1980, Budapest, just like the worldwide, knows an increasing emigration coupled to a natural decrease of its population.

Breaking in 1989 the political vice of the Stalinism to blows of repeated demonstrations, the Republic of Hungary, following the example other countries of Eastern Europe, changed its destiny. But this formidable jolt which releases the nations of the supervision of Moscow also raises severe economic difficulties.

Economy

The station with the 123 sources

Large thermal city, Budapest outputs 40.000.000 of liters of warm water and 30.000.000 of liters of tepid water per day. One looks after rheumatisms and arthritis there.

Demography

Evolution of the number of inhabitants since 1800:

Culture

Classical music

Budapest have two remarkable symphony orchestras, the national Philharmonic orchestra of Hungary and especially the Orchestre of the Festival of Budapest.

Cultural life

Budapest has an intense cultural life: 25 theaters, 9 national libraries, 6 universities.

Districts

The districts of Budapest are numbered in spiral, in the direction of the needles of a watch, in a way similar to the Arrondissements of Paris.

In the beginning, at the time of the reunification of the three cities in 1873, Budapest consisted of ten districts. January 1st 1950, whereas Budapest increases by absorbing the close agglomerations, twelve new districts are created, increasing their number with 22; the existing districts see their modified order and their size. Into 1994, the XXe district is divided into two parts, giving birth to XXIIIe and last district.

The districts are distributed in the following way: six in Buda, sixteen in Pest, and the last on the island Csepel between Buda and Pest.

Buildings and places of interest

In Buda restored, one places with old: at the end of the 2nd world war, the old city was reconstituted stone by stone. Budapest had been almost entirely destroyed by the bombardments: 74% of the dwellings and 97% of the factories had been devastated.

Budapest east member of the Organization of the cities of the world heritage.

  • the fortifications of Buda

  • the royal Château of Buda
  • the church Matthias de Buda
  • the funicular
  • the Métro of Budapest builds in 1896, one of oldest in the world
  • the Parliament (Pest):
Completed in 1902, the Parliament of Budapest takes as a starting point the palate of London. Its monumental frontage overhangs the the Danube. It contains the sceptre and the crown of holy Etienne, with the leaning cross, symbol of Hungary. Very imposing building, the Hungarian Parliament contains a maze of 691 rooms and 20 km of staircases.
  • the basilica Saint-Etienne with Pest
  • the museum of the Art schools, located on
  • the place of the Heroes, centered by
  • the monument of the millenium (1896, birthday of the arrival of the Magyars)
  • the station of the west ( Nyugati Pu ) of Eiffel
  • the Large synagog of Budapest (largest of Europe, and the second of the world after that of New York)
  • the thermal baths
  • the citadel (Gellert hill), which contains an exposure on the head office of Budapest in 1944
  • The statue of Anonymus, in the park of the castle Vajdahunyad (enlarging of a statuette located at the Hungarian national Gallery):
Anonymous chronicler of the Middle Ages, he was perhaps the first clerk of king Béla and wrote the first chronicles of the country. The Latin inscription on his base known as: “Notary of very glorious king Béla”. But which? The tourists adore to be made photograph sitted on its knees, and it is said to touch its pen chance for the studies carries (at the same time as there is a superb phallic symbol there).
  • the new national theater, built on banks of the Danube. It was previously in Pest, on the place of Astoria instead of the current East-West building. It was destroyed in 1908 and the place of its rebuilding gave place to long debates.
  • the Academy of Franz-Liszt music of Budapest
  • Hungarian Theater of Pest
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