Bubble (lesion)

Etymology

Lang: lat: bulla: decoration in the shape of ball
Lang: fr_vx: buille: seal

Definition of the bubble in dermatology

A bubble is a cutaneous cavity of big size (higher than 5 mm) causing a épidermique rising circumscribes containing a collection of liquid clear, séreux, inflammatory or hemorrhagic.

This elementary Lésion of Dermatologie is caused by an separation between the various layers of the skin (skin, Derme, Hypoderme).

One can highlight the brittleness of the skin by seeking the sign of Nikolsky. This sign being characteristic of a loss of adhesion enters the kératinocytes of the skin. It is absent in the affections responsible for a cleavage between derm and skin.

It is necessary to know to evoke the diagnosis of bubble in front of:

of the post-bulleuses erosions,
of the ulcerations,
sometimes vast cutaneous separations,
or croûtelles .

Localization of the bulleuses lesions

Reached mucous, eye, stops, genitals
Lésions in full skin, of the face (perished-orificielle, temples.), of the roots of the members, the ends, the zones of frictions, the photo-exposed zones…

Evolution

The bubbles can leave scars, adherences, in particular the bubbles opthalmic S.

Differential diagnoses

dermatological lesions forming a cavity and container of the liquise which are not bubbles:

the Blister, smaller because making from 1 to 3 mm in diameter,
the Pustule, which is a bubble containing of the Pus, microbial or amicrobien
the Kyste, which is a bubble with a clean wall,

cutaneous lesions not containing liquid:

the nodule,
the Infiltrate,
the Sclerosis,
…

Histological seat of separation

For certain authors, the bubble is épidermique or subepidermic (dermo-épidermique junction), and nondermic or hypodermic. The seat of separation is variable:

intra-épidermique,
subepidermic: cleavage in the dermo-épidermique zone of junction:

lamina lucida,
basal membrane,
necroses épidermique basal base.

Classification according to the histological seat

Etiologies

See the article on the bulleuses dermatoses

caused by an external agent:

traumatic:

bulleuses bulbs,
épidermolyses,

thermal:

burns:

sunstroke,
other burns,

gelures

chemical: Dermite S of contact: allergic, irritating, caustic,
parasitic: parasitic Prurigo
vegetable: Dermite of the meadows of Oppenheim,

medicamentous origin:

toxidermies bulleuses :

Toxidermie pigmented repeating,
polymorphic Toxidermie bulleuse,
lucites bulleuses,

toxidermies with type of polymorphic erythema,
Syndrome of toxic Lyell,
Infections:

Impétigo,
virus diseases:

Herpes,
Shingles,
polymorphic Orf

erythema,
Syndrome of Lyell:

(poison),
staphylococcic,

Pemphigus,
pemhigoïdes:

Pemphigoïde bulleuse,
Herpes gestationis, called pemphigoïde gestationis
Pemphigoïde cicatricial,

Dermatite herpétiforme,
Porphyrie cutaneous late,
épidermolyse bulleuse.

Synonyms

bulb: quasi-synonymous because also a pathology indicates.
Blister
Phlyctène

In pneumology

definition to check

pulmonary bubble: cavity in a lung, of variable size, and with which the walls are theoretically covered with respiratory epithelium. This cavity contains air and is visible like a structure round on a radiography of lung.

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