Bruno Walter

Bruno Walter (born Bruno Walter Schlesinger ) is a leader, Compositeur, pianist, German. He was born with Berlin the September 15th 1876, was naturalized Austrian in 1911, French in 1938 American then in 1946. He died in Beverly Hills the February 17th 1962.

Biography

Beginnings

He is born in a modest Jewish family, but his/her parents do not oppose its early musical talents. He makes musical studies which intend it for a career of pianist and, as of the nine years age, obtains his first public successes. Its vocation of leader appears with the listening of the big boss Hans von Bülow and, according to the criteria of the traditional formation of then, it becomes repeater in the opera houses with beginnings with Cologne in 1893.

The meeting with Gustav Mahler

In 1894, it is engaged with the Opéra of Hamburg whose Gustav Mahler is then the musical director: the friendship and collaboration between the two men durably will influence the life of Bruno Walter. He will be one of the best interpreters of the music of Malher and throughout its long career will fight to impose its often disputed music.

When Mahler is named director of the Opéra of Vienna, it does not follow it immediately and continues its work with Breslau, Presbourg (1897 - 1898), Rīga (1893 - 1900), then it is named with the Prussian Opera of Berlin in 1900. In 1901, it joined finally Malher and works with him to impose to the revival of the musical institution Viennese where it will be able to open out as a leader.

Maturity

Of 1913 with 1922 with Munich, he is managing director of the music. Great time for its career: its art and its glory continue. He is a burning defender of the music of his time. Then at the top of its art, it carries out many rounds abroad. In 1922 and 1923, he is invited chief of the American symphony orchestras of New York, Detroit, Boston and Mineapolis. It also directs in England, particularly with Covent Garden with like predilection, the Germanic repertory. To Paris in 1928, it directs operas of Mozart.

Berlin, Leipzig, Salzburg

Since 1919, it is invited Philharmonic orchestra of Berlin, a collaboration which will continue until in 1933. In 1925, to him is entrusted the direction of the municipal Opera of Berlin and it takes part in the beginnings of the Festival of Salzburg. It leaves Berlin to take the continuation of Wilhelm Furtwängler with the head of the Orchestre of Gewandhaus of Leipzig, but the rise of the national-socialisme obliges it to leave in 1933, the Germany for the Austria. It directs then to the Opera of Vienna and the festival of Salzburg, as a chief associated the Orchestre with Concertgebouw of Amsterdam, with New York and Florence.

The exile

After the Anschluss (1938), it is accommodated initially in France. To the the United States (1939), it is invited Symphony orchestra of NBC, Symphony orchestra of Boston, Symphony orchestra of Chicago, Philharmonic orchestra of Los Angeles and Philharmonic orchestra of New York from which it becomes in 1947 the very influential one, for sonority and the flexibility, adviser musical until in 1949. It also returns in Europe to direct to Edinburgh, London, Munich, Paris, the Philharmonic orchestra of Vienna and with the festival of Salzburg. It also directs to the Metropolitan Opera of New York. For its recordings, the firm Columbia creates an orchestra to him.

Its art

Even at the darkest times of its existence, he will devote himself to the cause of the music. He is a remarkable interpreter of the German repertory, with Beethoven, Brahms, Wagner and Richard Strauss, and Austrian with Mozart, Schubert or Mahler which he succeeds in imposing by strong interpretations. POV or references necessary Generally, its interpretations are impressed of a message of a large humanity, a simplicity and a poetry luminous and major. -->

Writings

  • the moral fibers of the music (1935)
  • Gustav Mahler (1938)
  • Topic and variations (1952)

Creations

  • Mahler, song of the Earth in 1911,
  • Mahler, 9th symphony in 1912,
  • Korngold, Violanta in 1916,
  • Korngold, the ring of Polykrates in 1916,
  • Pfitzner, Palestrina in 1917,
  • To bore, 2nd symphony 1944,
  • To bore, 2nd test .

Selective discography

  • Wagner, 1st act of the Valkyrie , Philharmonic orchestra of Vienna, Burbot Lehmann (Soprano), Lauritz Nickel silver (Tenor), Emanuel List (low), (recorded in Vienna of the 20 to the June 22nd 1935),
  • Mozart, the marriages of Figaro recorded with the festival of Salzburg in 1937,
  • Mozart, Requiem with the Philharmonic orchestra of New York,
  • Mozart, symphonies with the Philharmonic orchestra of New York or itSymphony orchestra Columbia,
  • Mozart, Don Giovanni recorded with the festival of Salzburg in 1937,
  • Mozart, the Magic Flute recorded with the festival of Salzburg in 1931,
  • Mahler, 2nd symphony , Philharmonic orchestra of New York or Symphony orchestra Columbia.
  • Mahler, 1st symphony , Philharmonic orchestra of New York or Symphony orchestra Columbia,
  • Mahler, 9th symphony , Philharmonic orchestra of Vienna,
  • Mahler, 4th symphony , 5th symphony , 9th symphony , Symphony orchestra Columbia,
  • Mahler, song of the Earth , Philharmonic orchestra of Vienna, Kathleen Ferrier, Julius Patzak (1951,
  • Mahler, Songs for a dead child , ( Kindertotenlieder ), Kathleen Ferrier, Contralto, Philharmonic orchestra of Vienna (1949),
  • Schumann, love and life of a woman, COp 42 , ( Frauenliebe und - leben ), loves of the poet, COp 48 ( Dichterliebe ), Burbot Lehmann (Soprano), Bruno Walter with the Piano,
  • Brahms, symphonies, Symphony orchestra Columbia,
  • Beethoven, symphonies, Philharmonic orchestra of New York or Symphony orchestra Columbia,
  • Schubert, 9th symphony known as “the large one ” , 5th symphony , 8th symphony known as “Unfinished” , Symphony orchestra Columbia.

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