Brown bear

The brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) is one of Ours which can reach masses from 130 to 700 kilograms. The Grizzly, the Bear kodiak and the Mexican brown bear are S North-American of the brown bear.

Characteristics

The brown bears have Fourrure S in the colors fair, brown, black, or a combination of these colors. The brown bears have a large bump of muscles above their shoulders which gives the force to the forelimbs to dig. Their heads are large and round with a concave facial profile. Upright, the bear reaches a height from 1.5 to 3 meters. In spite of their size, they can run at speeds going up to 56 km/h. The brown bear is digitigrade legs before and back plantigrade of the legs. I.e. it poses in first them fingers then the heel of its forefeet and which it poses all the plant of its posterior legs at the same time.

When two males fight, it is often that a female in rut is not far. That which will gain this combat will obtain the first the favors of beautiful, but will be able to hardly count on its fidelity.

With her three pairs of udders, laid out on the chest and the abdomen, the mom ourse is an excellent nurse. She gives to her small milk rich in greases, proteins and vitamins.

Distribution

Formerly indigenous in Asia, in Africa, Europe and North America, the brown bears are now extinct in certain zones and saw their number reduced considerably in others. They prefer the half-open zones, usually in mountainous sectors.

Into North America the brown bear is divided is Alaska via the Yukon and the Territoires of the North-West, in the south by the Colombia-British and the Western half of the Alberta. Isolated populations exist in the North-West of the State of Washington, in the north of the Idaho, in the Western Montana and the North-West of the Wyoming. The subspecies Ursus arctos horribilis (Grizzly) is the common brown bear of continental North America; the subspecies Ursus arctos middendorffi (the bear kodiak) lives in Alaska in the islands of Kodiak, Afognak, and Shuyak. The subspecies Ursus arctos nelsoni lives in the north of Mexico.

The habitat of the brown bears of the Old continent coincides with the remainders of the forests of the prehistory, which they are Scandinavian or mountain. Russia and Scandinavia shelters today with the Balkans and the Carpathes their principal populations. The brown bear of Europe survives more and more badly in the the Pyrenees. It if is threatened, if savage that it becomes invisible about it with its burning admirors.

Demography

The total population of the brown bears is estimated at approximately 200.000 in the world. The largest populations live in Russia, with: 120000 bears, with the the United States with: 32500 bears and with the Canada with: 21750 bears. 95% of the brown bears living with the the United States are in Alaska. In Europe there is approximately: 14000, separate in 10 distinct populations. One finds small populations of brown bears isolated in several countries from Europe, of the Spain to the Bulgaria. In Italy, between 1999 and 2002, seven females and three males captured as Slovenia were slackened in Trentin where three bears autochtones remained. The habitat of the brown bears of the Old continent coincides with the remainders of the forests of the prehistory, which they are Scandinavian or mountain. The Russia and the Scandinavia shelter today with the Balkans and the Carpathes their principal populations. In 1995, France counted a population of brown bear relictuelle of 5 individuals in the the Western Pyrenees. Without the capture as Slovenia and to slacken it of 2 females in 1996 and a male in 1997 within the framework of the program of reintroduction in the central Pyrenees, the brown bear was condemned to an unquestionable disappearance. But in 1997 and 2004, two ourses suitées, Melba of Slovenien origin and Cinnamon the last ourse of Pyrenean stock, was cut down by hunters at the time of beaten. The reintroduction made it possible to make go up the population with about fifteen individuals in 2005 but not being able to be regarded as viable in the long run, too low number of females and problem of consanguinity. It proved that the two reintroduced females had coupled themselves on their territory of origin with the male also reintroduced to him. This situation led the French government to implement a plan of reinforcement with a contribution of 4 new females and a male to spring 2006.

Lifestyle and food

The brown bear is mainly night except in North America, and in summer accumulates up to 180 to 200 kg of grease, reserve in which it draws to hold the Hiver, period during which it becomes very lethargic. Although it is not a true hibernating animal and that it can be awaked easily, they like to shelter in places protected such as a Caverne or a Crevasse during the winter months.

Being Omnivorous, it feeds starting from plants, of which the bay S, the root S, and the growths, Champignon S and also Poisson S, Insecte S and small Mammifère S. the brown bear is mainly Végétarien, drawing up to 75% from its calories from the vegetable matters. Let us announce that the bear eats an enormous number of night butterflies (Mite S) during the summer, sometimes more than 20 to: 40000 per day, and can withdraw until a third of their calories of these mites.

Normally solitary, the bears gather beside the river and rivers during the abrasion of salmon. Tous the two years the females put at day 1 to 4 young people who weigh only 500 grams with the birth.

The subspecies of the brown bear were enumerated as follows; however, there is little agreement on classification:

  • Ursus arctos arctos - brown bear

  • Ursus arctos horribilis - Grizzly
  • Ursus arctos middendorffi - Bear kodiak
  • Ursus arctos nelsoni - Mexican Grizzly (probably extinct)
  • Ursus arctos stickeenensis

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • the program brown bear of the Pyrenees - Ministry for Ecology
  • National park of the Pyrenees
  • Ursus arctos horribilis
  • Distribution and Status off Brown Bears off the World

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