Bronchodilatator

A bronchodilatator is a Médicament intended to treat or prevent the bronchoconstriction or bronchospasme, in diseases such as the Asthme, but also the Emphysème, the Pneumonie and the Bronchite S.

Pharmacological classes having properties bronchodilatatrices

The bronchodilatateurs are able to increase the gauge of the bronchi by slackening bronchial smooth muscle fibers. The bronchial musculature is under a control sympathetic nerve, person in charge of a prevalent bronchodilatation by the receivers beta-2 and parasympathetic, person in charge of a tonicity bronchoconstrictor.

Adrenergic Agonists β-2 (or β-2 mimetic)

The class of the adrenergic agonists β-2 (or β-2 mimetic) includes/understands drugs acting quickly over a short period such as the Salbutamol (Albutérol), the triacétate of Pirbutérol (mark Maxair ), Terbutaline (Bricanyl) and of the slower drugs acting over more a long period such as the Salmétérol (Sérévent), Formoterol (Foradil), Bambutérol (Oxéol).

Another adrenergic agonist

Adrenalin also presents myo-releasing effects on the bronchial musculature. Used by aerosol in exceptional situations.

Theophylline and derived

Old therapeutic forms of the chronic bronchospasme. The side effects and the risks of overdose limit the use of it. (theophylline, Aminophylline).

Anticholinergic

The Ipratropium is the standard of the class of the Anticholinergiques. It is particularly used in BPCO. The principal drugs are the Bromure of oxitropium, the Bromure of ipratropium.

Anesthetic in inhalation

Although the class of the anesthetic in inhalation is not used in the treatment of the bronchospasme - with less than this one does not occur in a context of Anesthésie -, its powerful properties bronchodilatatrices are worthy of mention. It particularly true for the anesthetic ones had become obsolete like the ether, but it is also the case of anesthetic modern such as the Sévoflurane and the Desflurane.

Corticoids

The Corticostéroïde S do not have an action direct bronchodilatatrice but act in a way delayed thanks to their properties anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-allergic agents. As it is as the basic treatment in the form of corticoids is often neglected by the asthmatic person.

Cromones

The Cromones do not have an action direct bronchodilatatrice but an indirect action by effect antiallergic and anti-inflammatory drug.

Routes of administration

The administration by inhalation is preferred in the very large majority of the cases for her targeted effect and minimization of the systemic side effects. The venous way is used in the event of urgency when the inhalations are not effective any more. The agonists b2 are always used. Many different apparatuses make it possible to deliver the amount recommended (car-to haul, turbo-haul, turbu-haul, easy-haul, diskus, spays.) Apparatuses with atomizing are also used.

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