Brigantes

The Brigantes were powerful a Celtic people of the island of Brittany. Their territory, at the time of the Roman conquest, was located roughly in the current counties of the Northumberland and the Yorkshire at the North-East of the England, between the rivers Humber and the Tyne. Their capital seems to have been Eboracum (York), their other residences being Catterick, Aldborough and Ilkley. The Carvetii and the Parisii counted among their customers. During the invasion and the occupation of the island by the Romans, Brigantes profited from a relative autonomy, which had with the party taken of the queen Cartimandua, who reigned of 50 with 70. When Caratacos, with the head of the Silures and the Ordovices, east demolishes by the propretor Publius Ostorius Scapula, it finds refuge at Cartimandua, which delivers it to its enemies.

When the queen separates from her husband Venutios (with the profit of Vellocatos), this one takes the head of an important party of Brigantes anti-Romans which attacks the troops of occupation and their allies. It is beaten by the armies of Aulus Didius Gallus. Cartimandua with married its rider Vellocatos in second wedding and conferred sovereignty to him. The progression of the Romans is slowed down by the revolt of the queen of the Icènes, Boudicca, in 61. In 69, Venutios engages a new offensive and manages to seize the western part of the kingdom. It is necessary to await the nomination of Quintus Petillius Cerialis to so that the Romans definitively subject Brigantes between 71 and 74.

The conquest of Great Britain (except Scotland) is completed by Agricola, in 83. The occupation lasts until in 410.

Etymology

The root of the ethnonyme “Briga” means “very high”, “very high”, in Celtique and is also the direction height, fortress. Used as prefix, it gave many toponyms as well in insular space, as in Gaulle and in the Iberian peninsula and it is also present in the composition of the name of certain people. The théonymes Brigit and Brigantia derive from this same mot.

Sources

  • John Haywood, Historic atlas of the Celts , transl. Colette Stévanovitch, editions Differently, coll Atlas/Memories, Paris, 2002.
  • Venceslas Kruta, Celts, History and dictionary , Editions Robert Laffont, coll “Books”, Paris, 2000.
  • Maurice Meuleau, Celts in Europe , GML (Ouest-France Editions), Paris, 2004.

Simple: Brigantes

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