Breiz Atao

Breizh Atao (in Breton “Brittany always”) is the name of several reviews published by various branches of the Breton Mouvement. It appeared between 1918 and 1939. By extension, the term “Breiz atao” was used to designate the Breton nationalists during the inter-war period, then after the Second world war, the nationalists who had compromised themselves with the occupant.

Creation

The newspaper Breiz Atao was created by the Breton regionalistic Groupe (GRB). Its first number appears in January 1919.

In May 1920, it becomes the body of the Breton regionalistic Groupe (Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz, UYV).

In 1919, Morvan Marchal written in this review, influenced by Maurras and the French Action: Breton life: Reds. Perfectly, Rennes had it also its small demonstration for Jaurès. (…) Here it is Breton youth. Let shout the red wolves after the blue wolves. Our hour will come, with us also, it will be the hour of Brittany, the hour of healthy positivism, of Catholicism and the tradition, and it will be also the hour of the old woman and healthy France. (complete article: )

In this same number, the reference to Maurras is explicit, of the share of Henri Prado, one of the founders: And what the " Free Pensée" of Mr. Febvre? In what can it consist? Let us let cause the large thinker Charles Maurras of which I largely honor myself to be the enthusiastic disciple. (source of the image: ; complete article: )

Breiz Atao claims Fascisme mussolinien in 1922: After the fascistic triumph and in front of the inanity of the efforts with parliamentary and respectful tendency of the official order, one is in right to conclude in favor of certain spirit and certain methods. (complete article: )

In December 1922, Breiz Atao carries forward of the recommendation of the fatal torture of the black Chemises of Mussolini, which have just seized the power: In 1919: the majority of the Deputies are in favor of teaching of Breton, with all the degrees. In 1922: Two only. To refresh the memory to them… the Castor oil (boldfaced in the text, source of the image: , Complete: )

In 1924, Morvan Marchal writes a leading article adopting the " Nordisme ", which marks the orientation of Breiz Atao, and regrets the eclipse of the cultures Germanic, Celtic,… by the Rebirth of Italian origin, topic diffused in the networks pangermanists: the Latin genius triumphantly broke, in one half-century, the six hundred year old work of Nordique work. It was the Rebirth (…) brutal suppression of a six centuries continuous progress (…) ; it is the night for the Intelligence of North. (…) the Latin torch (…) waver and will die out, to make place with the torch revivified of the Scandinavian ones. The Celts, and particularly Brittany, have their place among the carriers of New Fire. They were formerly, vis-a-vis Rome, the first among the Barbarians. (…) we have the duty, by our past and our racial tradition to take part in the formidable part. (complete article: ) This fact is quoted by Georges Cadiou, in the hermine and the cross range (Mango, p. 38), where this author notes that Olier Mordrel, as Morvan Marchal defend the Scandinavian , according to the diagram of the myths of Thulé , like Roparz Hémon.

Breiz Atao adopts the Croix-gammée in 1924, published in Breiz Atao at the beginning of 1925 (source of the image: ; complete page: ).

At the same time, he writes: “ the same concern holds in the middle of the nationalists of all the small countries in alarm clock: to tear off the intelligence of their people to the imposed foreign culture, and to reconstitute a national civilization on the old funds racial and traditional . " ”

The diffusion of Breiz Atao is extremely weak: 250 subscribers, including 50 up to date. Among these subscribers, Hans-Otto Wagner, which works for the German Foreign affairs, and which is member of an association pangermanist. Germany brings a financial support with this review: Robert Ernst, financier for the German government of the movements separatists and irredentists, took shares in the review. At the time of the congress of Rosporden, the Parti Breton separatist (PAB) is created in September 1927. Breiz Atao becomes its body.

Maurice Duhamel is then charged in this party to pursue the French policy, in particular the relationships to the French left, and becomes editor association of Breiz Atao . Maurice Duhamel is also in relation to other movements separatists French, in particular Flemish and Alsatian, and European, via the European Congrès of nationalities (CEN). These groups are announced by bonds with Germany, and an ideology which joined national-socialisme.

1st interruption

Following the internal quarrels of the PAB which leads to its disappearance in fact in 1930-1931 and to its bursting between the federalists internationalists on the one hand and the nationalists on the other hand, Breiz Atao ceases appearing during the summer 1931. Indeed, the congress of the April 11th 1931 did not succeed in solving the divergences; the federalists carry it but the divergences do not cease growing. With the congress of Guingamp of August, the PAB ceases existing and it is decided the abandonment of the newspaper Breiz Atao whose last number appears in June 1931.

The federalists create the federalistic Ligue of Brittany whose new newspaper is federal Brittany.

Second newspaper

On their side, the nationalists crééent the Breton national Parti with the congress Landerneau the December 27th 1931. They decide to launch the newspaper the Breton nation which replaces Breiz Atao. However, some prefer to start again a newspaper which re-uses the title of Breiz Atao, simple body of connection between the militants (of which Yann Sohier), which reappears as of November 1931 . It is a new newspaper, which does not show the company name of the precedent, in particular the debts.

They also publish the newspaper War Zao , newspaper of the nationalists of the Trégor, Goëlo, High Cornwall, which claims a return to nationalism without excluding separatism.

Breiz Atao calls upon an anti-impérialiste leading rhetoric (support for Basque rising against the pro-Franco, support for the anti-colonial aspirations with the the Maghreb,…).

Breiz Atao ceases appearing when the Second world war bursts, its last number dating from the August 27th 1939 (its secretary Louis Maubré is stopped the following week). The Breton national Parti replaces Breiz Atao by the Breton Hour.

Third newspaper

In May 1944, Woolly Célestin, in dissidence of the GNP, created a Breton second Left national and starts again a newspaper taking again the title of Breiz Atao. Only some numbers, pro-Nazis, appear.

After war

With the wire of time and by amalgam, very Breton militant (in some movement that it is) will become, in the spirit of people, “Breiz Atao” with often a pejorative connotation, owing to the fact that a part (most visible and organized) of the nationalists chose the German chart (in particular Olier Mordrel who slips frankly towards the Fascisme into the Années 1930 and Célestin Lainé), a big part of adherent members and ex of the GNP will join Resistance and the FFL, in groups made up for some and in manner dispersed for others like showed it the historian Jean Jacques Monnier, in its work " resistance and Breton conscience, 1940-1945, the hermine against swastika ".

The term of Breiz Atao seems to have lost part of its negative connotation. It is sometimes a claiming slogan in the mouth of that which employs it within the framework of an identity claim, " Breiz Atao! " , sometimes is used to very designate familiarly the individuals fasteners with the Breton culture and the language or favorable to independence or the autonomy of Brittany, " He it is Breiz Atao! ". Maintaining the Breton ones prefer the expression " to him; Breizh da viken" which means Brittany with life.

See too

Publications

Breton nationalism, doctrinal outline . Breiz Atao - Rennes. 1925.

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