Braşov

Etymology of the name

The Rumanian name Braşov (in Hungarian Brassó ) is mentioned in the Latin documents of the beginning of the second millenium under the names of Barasu and Brasu for the area. However, in the same Latin documents, one indicates the city under the name of Corona. One thus observes in time the superposition of the two names Corona / Kronstadt and Braşov .

The professor Pavel Binder observed in 1964 that the name of Braşov or the similar names are very widespread in the area Ţara Bârsei (name of people, rivers, etc), which could mean origin.

These assertion attracted criticisms of the academician Al Surdu , who says that the name Braşov must be well related to the city while rejecting the thesis of the professor F. Philippi like whimsical. According to this last, the two names are explained by the legend of Solomon, which " the crown puts at the root of a arbre" (as in the blazon) which is said into Slavic " crono Na brad tschop-lita" so that then crono gives Corona and brad gives Bradov which gives Braşov .

Another approach is to connect the name compared to a river or with the Temple. With regard to water, an old document going back to 1360 refers to the " fluvium Brassou" . An interpretation made by F. Philippi in 1874 explains why the name comes from the old city Brasovia on the Temple, destroyed by Corvin. In 1928, G. Treiber and E. Jekelius will start from this assumption by saying that into Slavic the word " baras" which wants to say " cité" / " verité" is at the origin of " Brasov" .

G.Kisch in 1929 writes that in the beginning there was the prototype " Krun" with the significance of " small sapin" which is said in Rumanian " bradişor" , of or " Bra (D) seu" .

Obviously, the origin of this double-name as well as the year of foundation of the city remain open to any other conclusion. With regard to the German name Kronstadt or Latin Corona , it seems connected in the name of the Colline Tâmpa.

Terms derived

Braşoavă - false history, lie, chatter. Comes from the practice of the tradesmen of Braşov to praise their goods in the markets, most of the time in an exaggerated way.
Braşoveneşte - with lies. („Naked-semi vorbi braşoveneşte că naked-semi plac braşoavele!” V. Alecsandri)
Braşovenie - produced Goods with Braşov, or the place where this type of goods is sold.
Ladă de Braşov or Crate of Braşov in French - Crate produces here, with ornaments rich in colors and very solid. („… naked provincial Adevăratul merge niciodată the drum decât Cu ladă of Braşov” Mr. Kogălniceanu)
Braşovean - (old form) Negotiator who tries to sell goods coming from the town of Braşov and neighborhood - nowadays it is an ordinary inhabitant of Braşov.
Braşoveancă - Large carriage with cover. The Roumanians initially knew those which was here manufactured - nowadays that means woman rather living the town of Braşov.

Blazons

In 1353, the blazon of the city is a crown with flowers in the shape of crinoline and a Crinoline. In 1429 also appeared the large tree with its roots. The blazon nowadays account 13 roots which refer to the 13 communes of the area Ţara Bârsei ( Pays of Bârse in French, in German it is Burzenland ). The gold crown has 3 lobes, symbolizing the power. The blazon is composed of a formed money mural crown of 7 turns which is a sign specific to all the Commune S. On the blazon is the inscription „MUNICIPIUL BRAŞOV” in Rumanian and lower part, in Latin „Deo vindici Patriæ” (With God, defender of the fatherland). The significance of the blazon is wisdom and the power leads for always the city . This official blazon is however not recognized by the heraldic commission of Romania.

Parallel to this official blazon there is another blazon, nonofficial going back to 1600 and recently proposed by the president of the Council of the Judeţ. This blazon offered like gift by Michel Ier the Brave man to the emperor Rodolphe II, on bottom probably in the beginning vermilion and delimited by two stringcourse yellows in top and bottom, is the old blazon in a blue circle delimited by a money crown. In lower part it wrote there „CORONA” with Gothic letters. Starting from the central circle leave the yellow stringcourses towards the sides. Nowadays this blazon is exposed in front of the law courts, on the tower Blanche and not far from the tower Noire (with the View-point). This last profits from a night illumination as the Rumanian flag which is on the Tâmpa mount on other side.

History

The excavations nowadays indicate the presence of the field crops Neolithic S (culture Noua, Tei, Schnekenberg) on the territory of Braşov.

Later, the archaeological discoveries attested the existence of the temples daces around the zone " stones of Solomon" , of some dépositoires for food under the market of the Council (in the middle same of the city), of some dwellings and quoted on the hill Dealul Melcilor and in the district Valea Cetăţii (the Valley of the City). The majority of these discoveries were destroyed or deteriorated by the communist authorities, within the framework of the program of systematization.

Before the 13th century of our era, no document speaks about Braşov. However one observes a continuous presence, especially in the zone Şchei or Bartolomeu. The current commune was built by the union of several centers: Bartolomeu, Braşovechi, the Quoted (Corona), Şchei, Blumăna, Tied, Dârste, Stupini.

It is at the request of the king André II of Hungary that Hermann von Salza leads a forwarding against the Coumans. The teutonic Chevaliers are established then in the south-east of the Transylvania and try to create an autonomous State there. With the S, Braşov is attacked by the Tatars and the Turks. Large ramparts are set up to defend it, which will remain in service until the 17th century.

At the 16th century, the city knows a great economic advancement, thanks to an interesting geographical position and certain special fiscal advantages. There are at that time 45 different corporations, and prosperity allows the construction of many monuments of which some are still visible today. It is also the century when Johannes Honterus, humanistic German, resides and works in Braşov. The first Rumanian books will be printed there by Coresi. However, in 1688, a fire devastates the city and the population must face a fatal epidemic.

The 19th century, the destruction of the ramparts allows a revival of activity, with the arrival of the factories and manufactures. One publishes the “Gazette of Transylvania there”, newspaper militant for independence (the area is then occupied by the Austria-Hungary).

After the First World War, Braşov becomes the second Rumanian economic center behind Bucharest, but the city is partially destroyed by the bombardments of the Second world war. In 1945, the Saxon ones of the city and those of the area were off-set in Soviet Union.

Between on September 8th 1950 and December 24th 1960, the city is famous Oraşul Stalin ( city Stalin ) in the honor of Joseph Stalin. During this period, on the slope of the mount Tâmpa or the temple , the forest was " découpée" to encrust there on all the slope the letters S T HAS L I NR from which the last traces of coloring almost disappeared these last years.

The area of Braşov knew the resistance of strongest against the Communism of all Eastern Europe. Supported by the rural population, the resistant ones armed lived in the mountains. The majority of the warriors were assassinated in 1962, but part of resistant had still not been found in 1989 at the end of Communism. One will also note the important resistance of the peasants against the collectivization of the grounds.

The November 15th 1987, a spontaneous revolt of the population was repressed and the implied people were then severely questioned. People had then thrown in the drains all the reserves of food of the city and the town hall.

Two years later, in 1989, it is the second city which rises against Communism, after Timişoara but before Bucharest. In spite of the order to draw on the population, the majority of the blows were drawn in the air, thus limiting the number of victims. An important part of the victims lived on the highest hills. On the whole, there were 66 died (majority touched by stray bullets).

Following these two revolts, the city received the title of " martyre" city; , symbolized in the form of a monument at the entry in the city. Following two spontaneous revolts initially in 1987 without being able to reverse the system in the whole country because the communist capacity was quickly positioned back the following days in the city.

From the historical point of view Braşov is at least as important as Sibiu, because it was the military and political center traditional Saxons of Transylvania. The city always has a small German minority and even a German college.

1211 : the teutonic Ordre builds fortifications (quoted Corona) able to delay the Mongolian invasions (Tatars)
1242: end of the Mongolian invasions and construction of the fortifications like the hexagonal carry-turn
1252: the name of Braşov appears in the form Brasu to indicate a zone. The city still bears the name of Corona .
1848 : after the revolution in Hungary, Rumanian makes political alliance with the Saxon ones against the policy of magyarisation
First World War: the Saxon ones largely support the unification with Romania
Second world war: the majority of the Jews leave
1945: the majority of the Saxon are off-set in Soviet Union
September 8th 1950: change name towards Stalin
December 24th 1960: return to the Rumanian name, Braşov
1989: the title of martyrdom city after the two spontaneous revolts of 1987 receives and 1989

In time, the city underwent many calamities without to stop the urban development:

Earthquakes: 1662, 1738, 1802, 1940, 1977, 1986, 1990, 2004
Storms: : 1457, 1490, 1599, 1667, 1673, 1682, 1913
Fires: 1461, 1519, 1689, 1718
cruel and different Invasions: 1241 (Tatars), 1421 (Turkish S), 1438 (Turkish), 1658 (tatars)
Diseases and epidemics mortals: 1495, 1510 - 1511, 1530 - 1531, 1572, 1588, 1602 - 1603, 1646, 1660 (for the first time one could take effective measures to eliminate the epidemic), 1756

Geography

Braşov is located in the center of Romania, to 166 km of Bucharest, is surrounded by the chain of the Carpates. It belongs to the historical area of Transylvania, more precisely in area Ţara Bârsei.

the Temple

The city is located around the Colline Tâmpa or the temple which is 960 meters height.

water

In the city or in the vicinity run a water multitude. Most important is the Graft brook called the Stones of Solomon (Rumanian: Pietrele him Solomon ).

The others are Valea Tei (valley of the Lime), Valea Răcădău (valley of Răcădău), Valea Plopilor (valley of the Poplars) Cu Valea Scurtă (Courte valley), Valea Florilor (valley of the Flowers), Valea Gorganu (valley of Gorgan), Râul Timişul Sec (river of Timiş Sec) and Canalul Timiş (the channel of Timiş).

The mysterious bench

Under the Temple, among the benches out of wooden there is a very small stone bench. One says that it fell from the sky, to the same moment that two in love was embraced. This explanation is in a document of 1817 which specifies the name of the young girl, Anna Maria.

stones of Solomon

Stones of Solomon ( Rumanian : Pietrele him Solomon) are to 2 km of the city. They are two large rocks or mountains, one beside the other.

The legend says that Solomon was a Hungarian king who was felt reluctant by his mother to have killed his brother and to have condemned to die as soon as it met an ordinary man. Solomon then took refuge in this zone of the country on an high mountain. Seeing a Rumanian shepherd and for fear he does not die, he left behind but its horse unbalanced itself and he fell from the top of the mountain.

To the place or it fell the mount was divided into two and thus the two rocks appeared. In the last seconds of its life, Solomon acquired an high degree of wisdom and in its fall it clung to the roots of a tree. At this time it placed at the root of the tree its crown, because it did not think any more of being worthy to carry it.

According to the juni, the blazon of the city illustrates this legend. The name of Solomon remained in the conscience of people because it refers to the biblical character, but this resemblance of name is only one coincidence and according to the legend it is not a question of the same person.

7 staircases

Not far from the city a very narrow passage in the rock is, cascades of a river of source of 120m difference in level. This dangerous enough place for the not tested children and adults is arranged with 7 metal staircases, whose each staircase goes up to the vertical and sometimes it is wet.

The way requires approximately 10 hours of road to foot return ticket, which is feasible in one day. Each day in summer, it receives tourists of the city. The place is known like şapte scări i.e. seven staircases .

Castle of Dracula

Not far from the city is the Château of Bran known as of " Dracula".

Culture and Traditions

the Gold Stag

Since 1968 it is held the contest and international festival to with it of music Cerbul de Aur or the Stag of Gold with participants such as Céline Dion, Gilbert Bécaud, Josephine Baker, Toto Cutugno, James Brown, Christina Aguilera, Kenny Rogers, Ray Charles, UB40, INXS, Scorpions, Ricky Martin, Pink, Sheryl Crow, Kelly Family, T.A.T.u, Julio Iglesias which is also the most sold foreign singer in Romania as well as many others. Julio Iglesias must pass again in the city in its turned which he wants to make in 2007 like in 4 other cities.

Juni

See also Junimie.

The Juni of Braşov, also called young juni (Rumanian: junii tineri ), " june" in the singular, are Rumanian people who want to keep a very old tradition of pagan origin. Even if the name approaches the name young people, this name wants nothing to say of other in modern Rumanian. However into Transylvanian it with the traditional significance of young man not-groom. Traditionally, the young people who wanted to become juni were to do it between 16 and 18 years and once they were married, they were absolutely to leave this organization (it is not true any more nowadays).

" The juni must be looked at as a remainder of pagan time, an ancestral festival of spring, the supremacy of the sun on hardness and the cold of the winter. It must be regarded as a worship pre-Christian which always occurs on hills, a practice also known by the Daces " (Julius Teutsch, Saxon chronicler)

There are the juni which are in Şchei and those of Braşov-old. Both was formerly plain, but the last have to separate gradually after the arrival from Saxon and construction from the city (Corona). Only in 1918 one has permi with the juni theold one to return in Şchei and to join the others. There are nowadays few cities which continue with practices this type of tradition, Braşov being one of most important of those which do it.

At the 19th century, Junimea was current cultural very influential in Romania whose at least its name takes as a starting point the old the juni. The great writers as Mihail Eminescu were made known thanks to this company.

Festivities of spring

First Sunday after Easter, at the end of the Week illuminated (Rumanian: Săptămâna luminată ), the citizen of Braşov and the tourists can attend a spectacle with elements of Mythe, Rituel S and Cérémonie S as well as magic.

Sunday morning, the knights juni go on the Place of the Union. At this place they surround three times the statue of the unknown soldier opposite the church Saint Nicolas's Day, the oldest known orthodoxe church of Braşov, going back to 1292. At this place, it receive quickly-fact a speech of the priest of the church. At this time they leave the Şchei district which, although the oldest district of the city, did not make before step left the city saxonne Corona and its administration. They move then towards the Stones of Solomon.

The 7 groups of juni (approximately 200 people nowadays) will be put in column and will leave, but they make a new stop at the place called " the small Troy of the Captain Ilie Birt " or each group sings " Jesus is resuscité" before leaving for good towards the Stones Solomon. What is called small Troy or Troiţă is in Rumanian a small building located at the crossroads and which usually represents a cross and icons.

With the Pierres of Solomon begins the festival with the girls and the other guests who leave to the will hora and throw " buzdugans" (it is a large metal ball with spines). Before fallen from the sun, the 7 groups leave towards the city in the same order that of arrived and one receives them " with the doors ouvertes".

They will disperse then, not before people makes them a wish: " Să trăiesti, vătafe! " which results word for word in " That you us life, vătafe" or " Long life, chief! " .

Other cultural events

days of Braşov (Zilele Braşovului) - each year at the same time as the festivities of Juni
It gone of the " people who know a métier" of all the country (Târgul meşteşugarilor DIN toată will ţara) - each year in correlation with the Days of Braşov
Jazz festival and Blues - each year
Festival of the chamber music (Festivalul muzicii of cameră) - each year
Festival of the contemporary theater (Festivalul teatrului contemporan) - each year
Festival of the Beer (Festivaul Berii) known as also the large one of the beer (Berarul pond) - each year
Festival of the Dawn (Festivalul Aurora) known as also the small one of the beer (Berarul mic) - each year
Festival of harvest (Festivalul Recoltei) - each year
Concert of organ to the Black Church - each week

the Black Church

Built about 1380 on the probable base of an old vault destroyed during the Mongolian invasion of 1241, the black church in the downtown area in Gothic style allows has approximately 5000 people to enter there

It includes/understands a bell of 6 tons which is largest of the Romania and largest organ of Europe of the east with 4.000 tubes and one of oldest and large in the world.

Each week there is a concert of organ.

Free software

In this city took place in the month of May 2007 more great event IT on the free software of Romania in 2007: eLiberatica is a conference on the free software organized by " Media" agora; and " Romanian Open Source and Free Initiative" Software;.

Demography

With time, with the urban development, its population increased. Only last the centuries one can approximate the growth.

1890 : ||½ 30.781 inhabitants
1930: ||||| 59.232 inhabitants
1948: ||||||| 82.984 inhabitants
1972: |||||||||||||||| 192.205 habitants' ¹

1992 : |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 355.593 inhabitants

2000: ||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 317.772 inhabitants ²

2002: |||||||||||||||||||||||| 283.901 inhabitants

2006: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 321.870 inhabitants ²

Note: ¹ Ghimbav included; ² approximate

Front

In accordance with the census of 1850, the population of the town of Braşov was of 21.782 inhabitants, among whom:

8.874 German (Saxon) (40,7%)
8.727 Rumanian (40%)
2.939 Hungarian (13,4%)
780 Gipsies (3,6%)
67 Jewish (0,3%)
1.242 others (Greek, Bulgarian etc)

In accordance with the census of 1930, the population of the town of Braşov was of 59.232 inhabitants, among whom:

23.269 Hungarian (Sicules included) (39,3%)
19.372 Rumanian (32,7%)
13.014 German (Saxon) (22,0%)
2.267 Jews (3,8%)
267 Czech and Slovenien (0,5%), etc

Like language materne, in Braşov the Hungarian dominated declared by 24.977 people accounting for 42,2% of the inhabitants of the city, followed by the Rumanian , declared by 19.378 people accounting for 32,7% of the population of the city, respectively the German , spoken by 3.276 people accounting for 22,4% about the inhabitants. It is worth to mention the language Yiddish, language materne of 537 people, accounting for 0,9% of the population of Braşov.

From the denominational point of view the population of Braşov was divided between:

17.763 Orthodoxe (30,0%)
13.207 Catholic romano- (22,3%)
13.050 Lutherans (22,0%)
8.237 reformed (13,9%)
2.594 mosaic (4,4%)
2.049 greco-catholics (3,5%)
1.905 unitarian (3,2%), etc

Nowadays

The commune of Braşov has, in accordance with the Recensement of 2002, a population of 284.596 inhabitants of which the ethnic structure is the following one:

Rumanian: 258.042 (90,66%)
Hungarian (Sicules included): 23.204 (8,54%)
Saxon S: 1.717 (0,60%)
Rrom S: 762 (0,26%) - some rroms are declared Rumanian or Hungarian
Juif S: 138
Russian S, Greek S and Italian S: 871 (0,31%)

With the metropolitan region, creates in 2005, the town of Braşov should have nowadays between 350.000 and 400.000 inhabitants.

Personalities

One can quote Ion Ţiriac, richest man of Romania and one of the richest men in the world with more than one billion dollar in 2007. Also, older, Nicolae Titulescu very important international man.

Andrei Mureşanu (* November 16th 1816 - † October 12th 1863), poet, professor
Ciprian Porumbescu (* October 14th 1853 - † July 6th 1883), type-setter
Deacon Coresi († 1583, Braşov), main typographer, translator
Dimitrie Eustatievici (* (1730 - † 1796), teacher and author of handbooks.
Doina Cornea (* May 30th 1929, Braşov), poet and dissenting anticommunist
Dr. Ioan Meşotă (* 1837 - † 1878), professor, member corresponding of the Rumanian Academy
Dumitru Prunariu (* September 27th 1952), cosmonaut
Family of Mureşeni, journalists and writers
George Bariţ (* 1812, Jucu de Jos, Judeţ de Cluj - † May 2nd 1893, Sibiu), historian and publicity agent
Gheorghe Dima (* October 10th 1847 - † June 4th 1925), musician and type-setter
Mattis Teutsch (1884 - 1960), painter
Ion Ţiriac (* May 9th 1939), sportsman (tennis player) and business man
Johannes Honterus (* 1498 - † January 23rd 1549), reforming theologist Saxon
József Koszta (* 1861 - † 1949), painter
Lucian Blaga (* May 9th 1895 - † May 6th 1961), raises with the Rumanian gymnasium
Matthias Lassel (* November 16th 1760 - † June 23rd 1834), ophtalmologist of European fame
Nicolae Teclu (* October 18th 1839, Braşov - † July 13rd 1916, Vienna), chemist, inventive
Peter Maffay (* August 30th 1949), musician
Sextil Puşcariu (* January 4th 1877 - † May 5th 1948), academician, writer and philologist
Ştefan Octavian Iosif (* September 11th 1875, Braşov - † June 22nd 1913, Bucharest), poet and translator
Valentine Bakfark (* 1507 or 1527 - † August 15th 1576), type-setter of the Rebirth
Gyula Halász, known as Brassaï (Brassó, September 9th 1899 - Nice, July 7th 1984), French photographer.

See List of the citizens of honor of the municipe Braşov.

Education

See University Transilvania

In the commune 46 cribs with a normal or prolonged program are held, 28 general schools (equivalent of the primary educations and colleges), 7 national colleges (a particular standard of college having a great reputation), 7 colleges, a theological seminar, 11 school complexes, a university of state having 14 faculties (a kind of branches per type of activity) and 4 colleges, an academy of the air forces, and still 6 other private universities and a certain number of universities. Also, in Brasov one periodically organizes courses of the foreign languages and (Re) qualification by various companies or " the Office for the force of the work of Judeţ".

The level of the teaching of Braşov is very high, having in its institutions best the executives of the country. Many pupils could prove their competences in the internal and international competitions, bringing many medals, diplomas and trophies.

Press

The press with Brasov starts at the 18th century. In 1838 appears the first Rumanian newspaper of Braşov, „Gazeta Transilvaniei”, two years after „Foaia pentru mintre inimă şi literatură”. The first exists still nowadays.

Among the worthy publications written to be quoted there is Kronstadter Zeitung , Brassói Lapok , Bună ziua Braşov , the review Chip , Dacia Jurnal Braşov , Gazeta de Transilvania , Monitorul Expres , Transilvania Expres , revista Zile şi Nopţi (the review of Day and Night) and others.

Televisions and the local radios appeared after 1990. Mainly they are studios territorial of the national large chains. As televisions one can quote Antena 1 Braşov , Mix TV Braşov , Nova TV , Pro TV Braşov , RTT Braşov and TVS Braşov , and like radios: Radio 21 Braşov , Radio operator Antena Braşovului , Radio operator Braşov , Radio operator Dinamic FM Braşov , Radio operator Impuls FM Braşov , Radio KIS FM Braşov , Radio Pro FM Braşov and Radio operator Special .

Economy

Until 1989, the city was one of the most industrialized towns of Romania. One built there all the tractors of Romania (of Universal mark, a few units were sold in Western Europe), and in general heavy industry. The factory of tractors, closed down today, will become very soon a shopping mall.

The outdatedness of the factories wanted that, after 1989, the city was found incompétitive with the international plan. In spite of important subsidies, the factories were closed little by little. Now it is a city mainly of services and tourism, with still some traces of the old industry which tend to disappear, replaced by SME.

It is the most important city of the area centers (Alba, Brasov, Covasna, Harghita, Mures and Sibiu) which recorded in 2006 a growth of 12,5%, more the high level of all the Rumanian economy (according to a study of the National Commission of Forecast). The judeţ of Braşov had a growth of more than 20% of the industrial production during this same time, which shows that the privatization and the modernization of the old heavy industry start to bear its fruits.

Policy and administration

See Administration of Braşov

Since 1918 one chose mayors under Rumanian administration of which the first, Dr. Carol Schnell, until in 1926, when one started to practice a local government in Rumanian language. During the second world war, the city had a military administration led since the capital.

After 1990, the following mayors followed one another: Sălăjan Cornel in 1990, Costin Marius 1990 - 1991, Chiosa Vasile 1991, Gonţea Ion 1991 - February 1992. Between 1992 and 1996 the mayor was Adrian Moruzi. Between 1996 and 2004, the liberal Ioan Ghişe.

The current mayor, George Scripcaru, indicated with the election of 2004, is member of the Democratic party (center), being at the same time the vice-president of this party.

The local council is composed of 27 people:

20 for alliance D.A. (liberal and democratic)
5 for the social-democrats (Left social democrat (Romania))
2 for Hungarian alliance (democratic Union of the Magyars of Romania)

Other administrative institutions

the post office - Poşta Braşov : Director Ioan Bara
the parquet floor - Parchetul from EP lângă Curtea of Call Braşov : Public prosecutor Şaramet A. Viorel
Court of Appeal - Curtea of Call Braşov : Judge Drăghici Octavian
the firemen - Brigada de Pompieri Braşov : Lieutenant colonel Ioan-Stelian Rechiţean
the municipal police - Poliţia Municipiului Braşov : Police chief as a Chief of Police force David Ioan Dorel
the Community police force - Poliţia Comunitară Braşov : Director Eugen Aldea
the joint mandator of the gendarmes - Comandamentul Jandarmilor DIN Braşov : Lieutenant Colonel Mircea Gavrilă
the military center of the judeţ - Centrului Militar Judeţean DIN Braşov Colonel Ion-Georgică Boltinescu
administration of public finances - Administratia Finanţelor Publice has Municipiului Braşov : Director Lucian Voinescu
the office of the borders - Biroul Vamal Braşov : Head clerk Viorel Şoptică

Centers of interest

Its central localization makes commune of Braşov an important starting point for the Rumanian and foreign tourists. From here one can go on journeys towards the Black Sea, in Bucovine and his famous monasteries, in Maramureş, on the mountains Carpates, in the zone of old quoted the daces which are in Ţara Haţegului, etc…

The best seen on the city is made on the mount the Temple (Tâmpa, 960m), or one can arrive there has foot or by borrowing the telpher carrier.

The most important centers

the Castelul Bran, located in the surroundings. It was not built by Vlad Ţepeş Empaleur, but it is used as tourist attraction for the amateurs of Dracula thanks to its appearance.
the Black Church: a medieval church built in 1383 and rebuilt in 1477.
Biserica St-Nicolae: church of the 14th century and first school of Romania (construction of a building) at side
Poiana Braşov: station of Ski in the Carpates.

Museums

Museum of history of Braşov, is in the Casa Sfatului
Casa Mureşenilor (site)
Musée of the first Rumanian school, in Şchei, or one can see the first book printed in Rumanian language
Musée of the Fortifications of Ţara Bârsei, arranged in the Bastionul Ţesătorilor
Museum-restaurant Cetăţuia (small city), being in the old fortifications on Strajă (Dealul Cetăţii)
the points of museum of the Black Tower, White Tour and Bastionul Graft
Musée of Art
Musée of Ethnography

Churches and temples

Biserica Neagră (black church) - built between 1377 and 1477 on the place of an old Roman basilica
Church Saint Nicolas - 14th century
Church Bartolomeu Saint - 13th century
Church Martin Saint since Strajă
Church Gheorghe Saint, on an old place of hunting
Synagog of orthodoxe Braşov
Synagog of Braşov

Other buildings and places

the door of Écatérinne, 1559
the door Şchei (Poarta Şchei), 1827
small the troies of Şchei (Troiţele DIN Şchei) (oldest of 1291)
the alley according to the walls (Aleea După ziduri)
place of the council (Piaţa Sfatului)
street of the republic (Strada Republicii)
street of (the family of) Mureşeni (Strada Mureşenilor)
the Walk under the Temple (Promenada of sub Tâmpa)
BEV (View-point)
House of the Negotiators (Negustorilor Put) - the Bridge of the Leaves or the Stag Carpatin (Podul Bătuşilor sau Cerbul Carpatin)

Parks and natural reserves

the Park Nicolae Titulescu
the Park the Council of Europe (Consiliul Europei)
the Park of the Pinks (Parcul Trandafirilor)
the Park the Tractor (Parcul Tractorul)
zoological garden of the district Tied (Grădina Zoologică DIN Noua)
the Temple (Tâmpa)
Poiana Braşov
Scuarul Berzei, Scuarul Mihai Eminescu
the Stones of Solomon (Pietrele him Solomon)

In the neighborhoods one can visit the strengthened churches of the villages which are in the neighborhoods of Braşov.

Districts

Astra (district the star )
Bartolomeu
Blumăna
Braşovechi
Centrul Civic (district the civic center )
Cetatea (district the city )
Craiter
Dârste
Tied (district the news )
Poiana Braşov
Stupini
Şchei
Timiş-Triaj
Tractorul (district the tractor )
Valea Cetăţii (district the valley city )

Transport

Internal transport

See List of the joint means of transport of Braşov.

Braşov has more than 550 nominal streets, which makes more than 260 km length in rapid growth. The network of the streets is well developed, having an electric illumination the night, fire with all the important crossroads, an effective system of drains and an increasingly powerful system to eliminate snow and the ice in winters. The travellers have the chois between buses, trams and a very large number of companies of taxi.

In Braşov there are 46 lines of bus and tram. There was to recently a tram line, put in function the August 23rd 1987 (line 101). Because of the problems relative to these means of transport it was replaced by buses (line 8), since November 18th 2006.

The ticket of bus/tram costs approximately 35 centimes of euro in 2007 (1 leu and 20 round of applause), except for the line 20 with approximately an euro (3 lei). There exist also subscriptions on one, two or all the lines during 1,3 or 30 days.

In Braşov there are 7 large companies of taxi. The tariff is of approximately 30 centimes of euro per km (1 leu/km). Apart from the city the tariff is double.

It there with the possibility of borrowing cars through the specialized companies.

Hoisting cable transport is well developed. There is a telpher carrier which goes up on the Temple and still two others which go up since Poiana Braşov towards two of the mountains highest of the solid mass Postăvaru: Kanzel and Capra Neagră. With Poiana Braşov there are also a TV gondole and 6 skis-lift. Another small TV gondole begins other with dimensions of the city.

The municipality envisages the construction of a TV gondole which should traverse the layout: Central station - Old Center - Stones of Solomon - Poiana Braşov .

External transport

The commune of Braşov has one of most important the nodes of rail-bound transport. There are four stations: Power station, Bartolomeu, Triaj, Dârste.

Here the ways which cross the commune:

Section Braşov - Predeal - Bucureşti
Section Braşov - Sfântu Gheorghe - Gheorgheni
Section Braşov - Rupea - Sighişoara - Oradea
Section Braşov - Făgăraş - Sibiu - Teiuş
Section Braşov - Hărman - Întorsura Buzăului
Section Braşov - Zărneşti - line under concession

The schedules can be consulted on Internet.

By Braşov the 4th European way passes, the E60 way and national way DN1.

There are three bus stations with microphone-buses and buses which make the connection with almost all the country.

Here road ways:

international Roads:

E 60 Brest - Nantes - Orleans - Auxerre - Zurich - Vienna - Budapest - Oradea - Cluj Napoca - Târgu Mureş - Braşov - Bucharest - Constanţa
E 68 Szeged (Seghedin) - Arad - Deva - Sebeş - Sibiu - Făgăraş - Braşov

Trunk roads:

* DNN 1 Oradea - Sibiu - Făgăraş - Braşov - Bucureşti

* DNN 1A Braşov - Săcele - pasul Bratocea - Vălenii de Munte - Ploieşti

* DNN 10 Braşov - Hărman - pasul Buzău - Buzău

* DNN 11 Braşov - Hărman - pasul Oituz - Oneşti

* DNN 73 Braşov - Bran - Câmpulung - Piteşti

In 2004 began work for the construction of the Autoroute Transylvania ( Rumanian : Autostrada Transilvania), while passing by Bucharest - Braşov - Tg. Mureş - Cluj-Napoca - Oradea - Budapest, which should borrow most of adulterates car of the east of the European Union. Around the commune, the highway will take the way Predeal - Râşnov - Cristian - Ghimbav - Codlea - Făgăraş. In the same way, one finished the last parts of the belt of the commune, while passing by Dârste - Hărman - Sânpetru - Ghimbav, where will be the junction with the highway.

International airport

In 2008 or 2009 will be finished in Ghimbav a international Aéroport which will serve Braşov. Ronald Weissberger is Canadian born in 1944 with Tarlungeni, beside Braşov which has flees the country at the beginning of the communist dictatorship. He is now president of the Canadian group IntelCan which is besides the only group which answered the sale by auction of construction of an international airport with Braşov.

During the Great War there was in Braşov a military airport, beside the factories IAR, however destroyed by the Russian authorities of occupation. All the tools and the Avion S were sent in Soviet Union, within the framework of the compensations for war. On the place even of the old landing strips nowadays the Central station is, of the old airport remaining only the tower of control.

External relations

twin Cities in order of the date of twinning

Cities partners

Consulates

the honorary Council of the kingdom hachémite of Jordan

Others European associations or networks whose Braşov is member:

the Meetings - religious organization
WITH - Alliance of the European Cities of Culture (Alianţa Oraşelor Europene de Cultură)
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