Bovine Breeding in the United States

the bovine breeding in the United States occupies an important surface of the arable lands.

Origin and history

Introduction of Boss taurus in America

The species Bos taurus did not exist in a natural state in America.

The arrival of the first individuals was done with the Mexico and with the Peru, by the Conquistador be: they gave beef breeds primarily (races of the Iberian Rameau and fair Rameau and red). One second vague took place with the Canada and the the United States, giving beef breeds and dairy (races of the branch Celtique, Rameau without horns and of the branch of the Races of the littoral of the North Sea).

From these arrivals, local races were selected and crossed between them, giving typical races. The importation of a great number of European races gave an immense variety of races. Some Ranch S work with a race created on the spot by their ancestors. They sometimes gave the name of the ranch to their race.

Breeding with meat

The breeding with meat remains a long time extensive. It is the time of the large herds guided by the Cow-boy S, with races ready to be fattened between the ranch of origin and the slaughter-house located at several hundred kilometers from there. Since the 20th century, more productive European races were introduced, as well as races of zebus African and Indian: they contributed to improve the adaptation to heat and resistance to the parasites.
C' is also the country which invented the Feed batches.

Currently, the tendency is to produce a thinner meat. For that, one privileges the French races with the detriment of the British and one introduced mixed races aptent to nourish his calf a long time and intensively.

Dairy breeding

The dairy breeding was very early turned towards the intensification. The work of selection carried out in parallel with the crossings made it possible to make enormous productivity gains. They are the most productive races in the world. This productivity is due to the dairy quotas européeens: the production being limited in quantity, the European breeding made the choice of the improvement of quality: rate of proteins and fat contents of milk, adaptability of the races to several systems…). One assists today has exchanges of seed on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The European races are improved today in productivity by American seed: cases of the Holstein or the Brown swiss and the American races come to seek the quality of the European races.

It is mainly localized in the North-East and the North-West of the country, in an area of fatty well sprinkled meadows which point out the same conditions as England or the Netherlands, creators of very dairy races.

Production and manpower

Races present

European races of origin

  • Bouchères : angus, Fair of Aquitaine, Charolaise, Chianina, hereford, limousine, simmental, Shorthorn…
  • Dairy: ayrshire, Jersey, holstein, American red holstein…

Races of innate origins Zebu

Races created in the United States

Notes and references of the article

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