Bovine Breeding in Germany

Germany, country crossroads of the north of the Europe, is a place of bovine interbreeding for a very long time.

Origins

Aurochs: this ancestor of the current races populated already the large Polish plain germano 30.000 years ago before disappearing in 1627. Two German, the Heck brothers created a race, the Aurochs of Heck, who take again color, morphology and horns, of the aurochs. It measures however hardly 1,30 m with the garrot. (against nearly 2 m for its ancètre)
Branch Black and white red of the mountains: it arrived in the mountainous solid masses since the Suisse near. It gave a large variety of mixed races of which most important is the Fleckvieh.
brown Branch: it arrived in the south of the country with the Huns. It gave mixed races to tendency dairy. It was improved at the 19th century by the Swiss Braunvieh.
Branch of the Races of the littoral of the North Sea: They are a branch formed the interbreeding the aurochs and races brought by the Germanic people at the beginning of the first millenium. It gave races of large cuts bouchères, mixed or dairy.
Red Branch of the Baltic: It is about an indigenous branch of the north of the country. It could be brought back of Eastern Prussia by the Chevaliers Teutoniques. It gave primarily dairy races.
Scandinavian Branch : It arrived at the 17th century at the time of the Guerre Thirty Year old, brought by the Swedish armies. It gave the Pinzgauer in Austria, introduced in Germany into the Sixties.

Old breeding

The German history was marked by the parcelling out of its territory. This irrefutable fact generated a multitude of race, the exchanges being expensive in tolls. Two groups of populations were installation.

In the plains of the north of the country, of the races red or black magpie was high. The rich territory was cultivated. For these vast wide, the draft horse was necessary and the cows were selected on the mainly dairy character.
in the mountainous solid masses of the south of the country, the gray races and black and white red gave milk but also their labor force. The surface cultivated was less, it thus did not need there race of draft horse. The cows thus preserved an essential co-education.

Modern breeding

The partition of the country between north and the south is always of topicality. The plain of the produced north of great quantities of milk intended for agribusiness industry with highly specialized races. The south was mechanized, but the races of work gave good races bouchères today. Thus, it produces meat but also of excellent traditional cheeses with rustic races of mountain pasture. These last, crossed with a race bouchère, give good calves in addition.

Current races

Branch Black and white red of the mountains: Fleckvieh in all the south of the country, Hinterwälder and Vordelwälder in the solid mass of the Black Forest.
brown Branch: Braunvieh
Branch of the Races of the littoral of the North Sea: Deutsches schwarzbunte (Holstein), Deutsches rotbunte (MRY), Deutsches shorthorn introduced since the the United Kingdom.
Red Branch of the Baltic: Angeln rotvieh, Harzer rotvieh, Vogelsberger.
Scandinavian Branch : Pinzgauer introduced Austria in Bavaria.
métissées Races: blondes of Germany resulting from crossings between red magpie of the mountains, black and white red of the plains (MRY) and Braunvieh: Gelbvieh, Nipple rind, Limpurg. Races cousins exist in Austria.

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