Bouyides

Bouyides or Buwayhides or Buyide or Bouides (Arab: Al-buwayhīyūn, rear RTL البويهيون, or banū buwīh, rear RTL بنوبويه) بوییان|bōyīān .

Name given to a Dynasty Moslem E which reigned in Perse and in the Iraq-Adjémi (Jibâl) with, of (945 - 1055).

Origin

This dynasty Shiite of Persian origin, comes from the north of the Iran. It was rested by three wire of Buyeh (or Buwayh or Bouyah ), fisherman of the province of Daylam which lived about the year 900: `Ali , Hassan and Ahmad which row of privates rose with the sovereign capacity and who reigned with Baghdad, like on Persia, since the year 932 until worms 1055. They formed two branches, whose one Iraq of 932 with 1029 dominated, time to which it was replaced by the Ghaznévides, and the other the Fars (Persian clean) of 933 with 1055, and was replaced by the Seldjoukides.

Towards 935, “Ali, governor of Karaj, seized Ispahan and the Fars while Hassan and Ahmad reflect the hand on the Khuzestan and the province of Kerman. The three brothers then united their forces to occupy Baghdad in 945.

Bouyide protectorate

It is the beginning of the supervision (or protectorate) of Bouyides on the caliphate Abbasside. Mu `izz AD-Dawla becomes amîr Al-umarâ' (emir of the emirs).

Prince Bouyide Ahmed ibn Buway, emir recently converts originating in the mountains of the Daylam in the south of the Caspienne, takes Baghdad and obtains the full powerss, the title of amîr Al-umarâ' and the name of Mu' izz Al-Dawla. All the governmental bodies are attached to the emir, in particular the vizier. The caliph keeps only one representative and religious role (on this last point for the Sunnite S only). The emir assumes the responsibility for the balances and treatment (the iqtâ spreads in Iraq) and preserves his authority on the military chiefs.

Bouyides are Shiite and their capacity extends from now on on Iraq and Western Iran, creating a new territorial unit. They do not seek to persecute the sunnites, majority, nor to establish a caliphate Alide (or Chiite). The last Imam indeed disappeared.

Bouyides give in state the works of irrigations, the roads, the bridges, seriously damaged at the time the preceding one. They build palates, liberally accommodate men of letters and sciences.

The empire was, thereafter, fragmented between the family members.

Nevertheless, “Adhud AD-Dawla Fannâ Khusraw (949 - 983), governor of Fars, managed to reunify the whole and even with increasing the original territory a little. Under his reign, one built hospitals and stoppings, one tied diplomatic relations with the Samanides, the Hamdanides, the Fatimides and the Byzantine Empire. This emperor gave to the mode bouyide a deeply Persian character and chi' ite, encouraging in particular the pilgrimages with Najaf and Karbala.

After the death of this " sovereign éclairé" , the empire suffered extremely from its divisions. What did not prevent however the poet Firdawsi from writing its Shâh Nâmâ ( Livre of the Kings ), poem epic telling the history of the Perse origins with the Arab conquest.

In 1055, the Seldjoukide Toghril Beg deposited the last Bouyide sovereign (in Iraq: it will be necessary to await 1063 with regard to the branch of Shiraz), Abu Nasr Al-Malik rear-Rahim, putting thus fine so that it is agreed to call the “Iranian Interlude” within the empire arabo-Moslem.

One period of intellectual blossoming

It is during this disturbed period that the literature and sciences particularly opened out.

Al-Fârâbî, of Turkish origin died in 950
Al-Mustanabbî, known as one of larger poets is word in 965
Al-Khawarizmi, which diffused the arithmetic Indian and the concept of Algèbre. Its name became algorithm. He died in 992.
Al-Husayn ibn `Abd Allah ibn Sina (Avicenne) died in 1037.

After Bouyides

The Seldjoukides will maintain the Caliph S Abbasside S in place, under a new protectorate, but sunnite this time. As under Bouyides, the capacity of the caliph will remain strictly theoretical.

It is these same Seldjoukides against which the first crusades will be directed. They will be, them and the caliph, reversed by the Mongolian hordes in 1258.

Emirs and the Bouyides sultans

; Daylam ides of the Khuzestan and the Fars

Emad o-dowleh or `Imâd AD-Dawla `Ali 932 - 949
Azad o-dowleh or “Adhud AD-Dawla Fannâ Khusraw 949 - 983
Sharaf o-dowleh or Charaf AD-Dawla Chirzîl 983 - 989
Samsam o-dowleh or Samsâm AD-Dawla Marzûban 989 - 998
Baha o-dowleh or Bahâ” AD-Dawla Fîrûz 998 - 1012
Soltan o-dowleh or Sultan AD-Dawla 1012 - 1024
Emad O-DIN Abu Kalijar or `Imâd AD-DIN Marzûban 1024 - 1048
Malek Rahim Khosrow Firuz or Al-Malik rear-Rahîm Khusraw Fîrûz 1048 - 1055
Abu Mansur Fulad sotoun or Abû Mansûr Fûlâd Sutûn 1055 - 1062 then the Seldjoukides

; Daylam ides of Iraq to Baghdad

Mo' ez o-dowleh or Driven `izz AD-Dawla 945 - 967
Ez o-Dowleh or `Izz AD-Dawla Bakhtiyâr 967 - 978
Azad o-dowleh or “Adhud AD-Dawla Fannâ Khusraw 978 - 983
Samsam o-dowleh or Samsâm AD-Dawla Marzûban 983 - 987
Sharaf o-dowleh or Charaf AD-Dawla Chirzîl 987 - 989
Baha o-dowleh or Bahâ” AD-Dawla Fîrûz 989 - 1012
Soltan o-dowleh or Sultan AD-Dawla 1012 - 1021 (reversed in Iraq but is maintained in Fars)
Mucharrif AD-Dawla Hassan 1021 - 1025
Jalâl AD-Dawla Chirzîl 1025/27- 1044
Emad O-DIN Abu Kalijar or `Imâd AD-DIN Marzûban 1024 - 1048
Malek Rahim Khosrow Firuz or Al-Malik rear-Rahîm Khusraw Fîrûz 1048 - 1055 then the Seldjoukides

; Daylam ides of the Kerman

Mo' ez o-dowleh or Driven `izz AD-Dawla 932 - 949
Azad o-dowleh or “Adhud AD-Dawla Fannâ Khusraw 949 - 983
Samsam o-dowleh or Samsâm AD-Dawla Marzûban 983 - 998
Baha o-dowleh or Bahâ” AD-Dawla Fîrûz 998 - 1012
Ghavam o-dowleh or Abû Al-Fawâris Qiwâm AD-Dawla 1012 - 1028
Emad O-DIN Abu Kalijar or `Imâd AD-DIN Marzûban 1028 - 1048 then the Seldjoukides

; Daylam ides of Ray then Ispahan and Hamadan

Rokn o-dowleh or Rukn AD-Dawla 932 - 976
Mo' ayyed o-dowleh or Mu' ayyid AD-Dawla Bûyah 976 - 983
Fakhr o-dowleh or Fakhr AD-Dawla “Ali 983 - 997
Majd o-dowleh or Majd AD-Dawla Rustam 997 - 1029 with Ray then the Ghaznavides
Shams o-dowleh or Chams AD-Dawla 997 - 1021 with Hamadân
Sama o-dowleh or Samâ” AD-Dawla 1021 - 1023 with Hamadân then the Kakouyides

Partial source

Janine and Dominique Sourdel, historical Dictionary of Islam , ED. PUF, article Bouyides , pp. 166-168.

Random links: